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Functional Antatomy - Sem 1 > Week 2 - The Pelvis: Bony Features, Joints And Ligs > Flashcards

Week 2 - The Pelvis: Bony Features, Joints And Ligs Flashcards

1
Q

What does the pelvis consist of

A

The hip bone and sacrum which are connected via the sacroiliac joint

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2
Q

What is the hip bone also know as

A

Pelvic girdle

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3
Q

What is the hip bone composed of

A

Three fused bones - ilium, ischium and the pubic bone

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4
Q

What is the pelvic spine

A

It is the posterior portion of the pelvis below the lumbar spine

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5
Q

What is the pelvic spine composed of

A

The sacrum and coccyx

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6
Q

What do the sacrum and coccyx form

A

They are connected anteriorly by the pubic symphsis and posteriorly, they articulate with the pelvis spine to form the SACROILIAC JOINTS

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7
Q

What are some functions of the pelvis

A
  • it carries the entire weight of of the upper body
  • stabilises and transmits the upper body to the lower limbs which allows various actions to occur
  • it provides the attachment point for muscles and reproductive organs
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8
Q

What are the ilium, ischium and pubis known as

A
  • innominate bones
  • pelvic bones
  • coxal bones
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9
Q

What are the two surfaces of the hip bone

A

Lateral and medial

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10
Q

What does the lateral surface comprise of

A

Its most prominent landmark of the bone of the acetabulum

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11
Q

What is the acetabulum ?

A

It is a socket shaped articular surface via which the hip bones articulates with femur and makes the hip joint. It has a “C” shaped acetabulur labrum and is completed inferiorly by the transverse acetabular ligament.

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12
Q

What three bones are arranged within the acetabular ?

A
  • ilium
  • ischium
  • pubic bone
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13
Q

Describe the ilium as a characteristic arrangement of the acetabulum

A

It extends superiorly to the hip joint, therefore, it comprises the superior portion of the acetabulum

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14
Q

Describe the ischium as a characteristic arrangement of the acetabulum

A

It is the massive posteroinferior part of the hip bone which fits into the posterioinferior third of the acetabulum

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15
Q

Describe the pubic bone as a characteristic arrangement of the acetabulum

A

It builds the anterioinferior third of acetabulum and is the anterioinferior part of the bone that articulates with the contralateral hip bone

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16
Q

What is the obturator foramen ?

A

It is an important landmark which is a large opening located anteroinferior to the acetabulum, bounded by the ischium and pubis

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17
Q

What is the function of the obturator foramen

A

It serves as the communication between pelvic and thigh regions through which neurovacular structures pass

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18
Q

What is the ilium ?

A

It is a blade-shaped bone found superior to the hip joint

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19
Q

What does the ilium consist of?

A
  • the body of ilium: a smaller, inferior part which contributes to the formation of the acetabulum
  • ala = the superior part which is a large, flat portion of the bone that has 4 borders and 3 surfaces
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20
Q

What is the ASIS?

A

It is located at the anterior end of the iliac crest. It serves as a point of attachment for the inguinal ligament

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21
Q

What is the AIIS?

A

It is located anterior to the supra-acetabular groove and acetabular margin. It provides points of attachment for the rectus femoris and proximal part of the iliofemoral ligament. It is separated front the ASIS by a short, vertical slope.

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22
Q

What is the PSIS?

A

It is located at the posterior end of the iliac crest. It is laterally related to the iliac tuberosity and sacropelvic surface

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23
Q

Where is the PIIS located

A

Inferior to the the PSIS

24
Q

What is the iliac crest ?

A

It is a rough, crescentic surface that starts at the PSIS posteriorly and arches forward to end at the ASIS anteriorly. It has inner and outer lips

25
Q

What is the anterior border of the ilium

A

It extends from ASIS to the acetabulum. It features the AIIS just superior to its acetabular end. The part of the border between the spines is concave anteriorly

26
Q

What is the posterior border of the ilium

A

It begins at the PSIS and extends to the posterior border of ischium. It features a PIIS.

27
Q

What is the gluteal surface ?

A

It is bounded superiorly by the outer lip of the iliac crest and inferiorly by the inferior gluteal line

28
Q

What does the gluteal surface represent ?

A

The posterolateral face of the bone

29
Q

What are 3 features of the gluteal surface

A

It features 3 gluteal lines that provide attachment points for the gluteal and thigh muscles

30
Q

What is the inferior gluteal line

A

It runs just above the acetabular margin

31
Q

Where is the posterior gluteal line located?

A

Just above and anterior to the greater sciatic notch and both posterior iliac spines

32
Q

Where is the anterior gluteal line located?

A

It travels obliquely along the gluteal surface from the tubercle of the iliac crest toward the posterior gluteal lien

33
Q

What is the iliac fossa

A

It is bounded superiorly by the inner lip of the iliac crest, inferiorly by the arcuate line and posteriorly by the anterior borders of the the iliac tuberosity and auricular surface of ilium

34
Q

What is the iliac tuberosity

A

It provides a point of attachment for ligaments and muscles of the back and lower limb

35
Q

Where is the ischium located?

A

It is found posteroinferiorly to the hip joint

36
Q

What is the ischium

A

It is an ‘L’ shaped bone continuous superiorly with the ilium and anteriorly with the pubic bone. It consists of two parts - the body and ramus

37
Q

What is the body of ischium

A

It is rough and broad with 3 bony surfaces - medial/pelvic, lateral/femoral and posterior surfaces

38
Q

What is the ramus of the ischium

A

It is a roughly cylindrical, branch-like part of the ischium which extends anteromedially from the interior aspect of the body to meet the inferior pubic ramus. These bony rami form the inferior border of obturator foramen

39
Q

What is the pubic bone/pubis

A

It has a small body located medially and two rami (superior and inferior) extending posterolaterally.

40
Q

What is the pubic crest

A

It separates the anterior and posterior surfaces of the bone. It features the pubic tubercle ofn its lateral end. It also serves as a point of attachment for the inguinal ligament and can be used clinically to locate the rings of the inguinal canal

41
Q

Where is the pubic arch?

A

It is the curved area below the pubic symphysis. It is one of the sexually dimorphic areas of the pelvis as it shape differs form male to female

42
Q

Where is the superior pubic ramus located?

A

It starts at the pubic tubercle and extends posterolaterally and upwards to the acetabulum

43
Q

Where is the obturator surface of superior ramus located

A

It faces posteroinferiorly and is bounded anteriorly by the obturator crest and inferiorly by its own sharp inferior border

44
Q

Where is the pelvic surface located ?

A

It faces posterosuperiorly and is relatively smooth compared to the anterior surface. It is limited by pecten pubis above and the inferior border below

45
Q

Where is the inferior pubic ramus located

A

It projects posteroinferiorly and laterally front the superolateral angle of the pubic body. It continues and unites with the ischial ramus to complete the obturator foramen

46
Q

What is the sacrum

A

It is a triangular bone that consist of five fused sacral vertebrae

47
Q

What is the sacrum comprised of

A
  • anterior (pelvic) surface: smooth and concave
  • posterior (gluteal) surface: rough, irregular and convex
  • a base
  • 2 alae
  • an apex
48
Q

What is the sacral promontory

A

It is at the base of the sacrum and features a slight projection at the midline.

49
Q

What is the function of the sacral promontory ?

A

It helps in defining the pelvic diameters

50
Q

What is the sacroiliac joint

A

It is a synovial joint between the ala of sacrum and the auricualr surface of the ilium

51
Q

What movement does the sacroiliac joint prevent

A

It allows for very little mobility through slight gliding and rotation movements

52
Q

What is the sacrococcygeal joint

A

It is an amphiarthrodial (limited mobility) joint between the 5th sacral and 1st coccygeal segment

53
Q

What movements does the sacroccoygeal joint have

A

It allows flexion and extension of the coccyx - these movements are rather passive as they occur during child birth and defecation

54
Q

What is the pubic symphysis

A

It is a secondary cartilaginous joint between the medial surface of the pubic bones

55
Q

What movements occur at the pubic symphysis

A

There tends to be no movement on this joint, expect during pregnancy when the ligaments and cartilage soften which allows the increase of pelvic diameters during labor

Functional Antatomy - Sem 1 (30 decks)

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