Western Tradition Quiz 1 Flashcards
Primary Sources
Information consist of actual records, first-hand accounts of events and experiences, connected directly with past events
Secondary Sources
Information consist of descriptions and explanations that are created after a historical event has already taken place
Tertiary Sources
Information that has been distilled & collected from primary & secondary sources; includes facts, e.g., handbooks, pamphlets, fact books, dictionaries
Civilization
Large, coherent collections of peoples in a specific time and place that feature particular political, social, and cultural approaches, especially defined by cities
Subjectivity
a personal presentation of evens and characters, influenced by the author’s feelings and opinions
Objectivity
treating facts without influence from personal feelings or prejudices
Bias
Inclination toward a particular point of view
Prejudice
Dismissal of other points of view, usually out of ignorance
Supremacy
Stability, order, and consolidation, how the use of power dominates society
Diversity
Reflects the creative impulse that produces new ideas, as well as people’s efforts to define themselves as different, promoting change, opportunity, and individuality
Universalism
Applying the same beliefs and practices to everyone
Particularism
Requires that various ideas and activities differ according to location
Capitalism
Was a new form of economic practice that went beyond the markets of farmers or fairs. The “capital” of capitalism refers to a substantial amount of wealth that is available, and necessary, for investment.
Humanism
A Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements
Christian Humanism
Emphasized the classics, using one’s critical mind, and taking action in the world, but it also added an interest in the writings of the Christian faith
Printing Press
15th century invention which revolutionized the ability to print information which in turn affected the speed of the spread of information itself
Reformation
A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches
Indulgences
Selling of forgiveness by the Catholic Church. It was common practice when the church needed to raise money. The practice led to the Reformation.
Western Colonial Imperialism
kingdoms built empires based on oversees colonies
Western Exceptionalism
Idea that Europeans were different from and better than peoples of other civilizations
Textual Criticism
An academic discipline that seeks to establish the original wording of a text based on the surviving manuscripts
The Black Death
The common name for a major outbreak of plague that spread across Asia, North Africa, and Europe in the mid-fourteenth century, carrying off vast numbers of persons.
The Medici Family
Rose to power in local government financed by their family banking business. Over time, they began their own aristocratic dynasty after surviving urban rebellions, assassination plots, invasions, and banishment. Along the way, they also aspired to be patrons of the arts, those who fostered creative interaction with Greece and Rome.
Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
“Wrote Oration on the Dignity of Man which has been called the ““Manifesto of the Renaissance.””” Quotes from it include: “Man was created in God’s image and thus became a creator himself” and “Man could shape his own destiny”
Girolamo Savonarola
(1452-1498) Dominican friar, attacked government of Florence (Lorenzo de’ Medici), corruption of Pope Alexander VI, became religious leader of Florence, eventually excommunicated and executed by pope, shows that common people did not share worldly outlook of elite
Niccolo Machiavelli
(1469-1527) Wrote The Prince which contained a secular method of ruling a country. “End justifies the means.”
Erasmus
Dutch humanist and theologian who was the leading Renaissance scholar of northern Europe
Christine de Pisan
A Venetian-born woman of the medieval era who strongly challenged misogyny and stereotypes prevalent in the male-dominated realm of the arts.
Martin Luther
95 Thesis, posted in 1517, led to religious reform in Germany, denied papal power and absolutist rule. Claimed there were only 2 sacraments: baptism and communion.
John Calvin
1509-1564. French theologian. Developed the Christian theology known as Calvinism. Attracted Protestant followers with his teachings.
Henry VIII
(1491-1547) King of England from 1509 to 1547; his desire to annul his marriage led to a conflict with the pope, England’s break with the Roman Catholic Church, and its embrace of Protestantism. Henry established the Church of England in 1532.
