Western Tradition Quiz 1

Question 1

Primary Sources

Answer 1

Information consist of actual records, first-hand accounts of events and experiences, connected directly with past events

Question 2

Secondary Sources

Answer 2

Information consist of descriptions and explanations that are created after a historical event has already taken place

Question 3

Tertiary Sources

Answer 3

Information that has been distilled & collected from primary & secondary sources; includes facts, e.g., handbooks, pamphlets, fact books, dictionaries

Question 4

Civilization

Answer 4

Large, coherent collections of peoples in a specific time and place that feature particular political, social, and cultural approaches, especially defined by cities

Question 5

Subjectivity

Answer 5

a personal presentation of evens and characters, influenced by the author’s feelings and opinions

Question 6

Objectivity

Answer 6

treating facts without influence from personal feelings or prejudices

Question 7

Bias

Answer 7

Inclination toward a particular point of view

Question 8

Prejudice

Answer 8

Dismissal of other points of view, usually out of ignorance

Question 9

Supremacy

Answer 9

Stability, order, and consolidation, how the use of power dominates society

Question 10

Diversity

Answer 10

Reflects the creative impulse that produces new ideas, as well as people’s efforts to define themselves as different, promoting change, opportunity, and individuality

Question 11

Universalism

Answer 11

Applying the same beliefs and practices to everyone

Question 12

Particularism

Answer 12

Requires that various ideas and activities differ according to location

Question 13

Capitalism

Answer 13

Was a new form of economic practice that went beyond the markets of farmers or fairs. The “capital” of capitalism refers to a substantial amount of wealth that is available, and necessary, for investment.

Question 14

Humanism

Answer 14

A Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements

Question 15

Christian Humanism

Answer 15

Emphasized the classics, using one’s critical mind, and taking action in the world, but it also added an interest in the writings of the Christian faith

Question 16

Printing Press

Answer 16

15th century invention which revolutionized the ability to print information which in turn affected the speed of the spread of information itself

Question 17

Reformation

Answer 17

A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches

Question 18

Indulgences

Answer 18

Selling of forgiveness by the Catholic Church. It was common practice when the church needed to raise money. The practice led to the Reformation.

Question 19

Western Colonial Imperialism

Answer 19

kingdoms built empires based on oversees colonies

Question 20

Western Exceptionalism

Answer 20

Idea that Europeans were different from and better than peoples of other civilizations

Question 21

Textual Criticism

Answer 21

An academic discipline that seeks to establish the original wording of a text based on the surviving manuscripts

Question 22

The Black Death

Answer 22

The common name for a major outbreak of plague that spread across Asia, North Africa, and Europe in the mid-fourteenth century, carrying off vast numbers of persons.

Question 23

The Medici Family

Answer 23

Rose to power in local government financed by their family banking business. Over time, they began their own aristocratic dynasty after surviving urban rebellions, assassination plots, invasions, and banishment. Along the way, they also aspired to be patrons of the arts, those who fostered creative interaction with Greece and Rome.

Question 24

Giovanni Pico della Mirandola

Answer 24

“Wrote Oration on the Dignity of Man which has been called the ““Manifesto of the Renaissance.””” Quotes from it include: “Man was created in God’s image and thus became a creator himself” and “Man could shape his own destiny​”

Question 25

Girolamo Savonarola

Answer 25

(1452-1498) Dominican friar, attacked government of Florence (Lorenzo de’ Medici), corruption of Pope Alexander VI, became religious leader of Florence, eventually excommunicated and executed by pope, shows that common people did not share worldly outlook of elite

Question 26

Niccolo Machiavelli

Answer 26

(1469-1527) Wrote The Prince which contained a secular method of ruling a country. “End justifies the means.”

Question 27

Erasmus

Answer 27

Dutch humanist and theologian who was the leading Renaissance scholar of northern Europe

Question 28

Christine de Pisan

Answer 28

A Venetian-born woman of the medieval era who strongly challenged misogyny and stereotypes prevalent in the male-dominated realm of the arts.

Question 29

Martin Luther

Answer 29

95 Thesis, posted in 1517, led to religious reform in Germany, denied papal power and absolutist rule. Claimed there were only 2 sacraments: baptism and communion.

Question 30

John Calvin

Answer 30

1509-1564. French theologian. Developed the Christian theology known as Calvinism. Attracted Protestant followers with his teachings.

Question 31

Henry VIII

Answer 31

(1491-1547) King of England from 1509 to 1547; his desire to annul his marriage led to a conflict with the pope, England’s break with the Roman Catholic Church, and its embrace of Protestantism. Henry established the Church of England in 1532.