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Spiritual Formation > Psychology chap 4-6 > Flashcards

Psychology chap 4-6 Flashcards

1
Q

Consciousness voluntary control; able to describe to others

A

Consciousness

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2
Q

Simultaneous without consciousness

A

Unconscious

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3
Q

Focus intently on ONE THING

A

Selective attention

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4
Q

Regular cycles of behavior

A

Biological rhythm

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5
Q

24 hour biological cycle of humans/many other species

A

Circadian rhythm

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6
Q

Seasonal affective disorder

A

One outcome

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7
Q

Falling asleep; slow alpha waves

A

Yawn

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8
Q

drowsy; theta waves
breathing, heart rate slow
muscle tension, body temperature decline
body “twitching”

A

N-1 (non-REM 1) (15 minutes)

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9
Q

“sleep spindles” ; clearly asleep
further decrease in muscle activit y
50% of nighttime sleep here

A

N-2 (non-REM 2) (30 minutes)

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10
Q

more transition; some dreaming (NOT the dream stage)
slow-wave sleep; large delta waves
sleepwalking, bedwetting, nightmares
can STILL process stimuli

A

N-3 (non-REM 3) (30 minutes)

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11
Q

REM Sleep rapid brain-wave activity
eyes dart; MAJOR DREAM
genital/vaginal arousal
muscles relax; not easily wakened
active limbic system/amygdala

A

REM Sleep

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12
Q

When does the cycle repeat?

A

every 90 minutes

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13
Q

Persistent difficulty falling OR staying asleep

A

Insomnia

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14
Q

Short periods of no breathing

A

Sleep apnea

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15
Q

Overwhelming sleepiness (not tied to time of day); genetic and neurologic reasons

A

Narcolepsy

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16
Q

Scared; recall nothing likely in REM

A

Sleep/night terrors

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17
Q

Why do we sleep?

A

Restore body tissue; builds immunity; sleep deprivation

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18
Q

Images, thoughts, sounds, emotions, while sleeping

A

Dreams

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19
Q

What do we dream?

A

Freud = “manifest content”
Day’s events, details

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20
Q

Why do we dream?

A

Freud = “latent content”
Hidden meaning (wishes, drives)

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21
Q

A chemical substance that alters perception and / or mood

A

Psychoactive Drug

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22
Q

The drugs absence results in physical pain and intense cravings

A

Physical dependence

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23
Q

Larger doses needed to achieve effect

A

Tolerance

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24
Q

Psychological need, especially for drugs that reduce stress

A

Psychological dependence

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25
Q

Negative reaction to reducing or stopping drug

A

Withdrawal

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26
Q

Compulsive drug craving and use

A

Addiction

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27
Q

__________ dependence is often harder to break than _______ dependence.

A

1) psychological
2) physical

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28
Q

SPEED UP CNS by blocking reuptake of dopamine, adrenaline, serotonin in synapses

A

Stimulants

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29
Q

Stimulant risk groups

A

Athletes, dieters, those desiring to stay awake

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30
Q

REDUCE activity of CNS

A

Depressants

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31
Q

Increase activity in certain receptor neurons in the brain and digestive system

A

Opioids

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32
Q

Most extreme alteration of consciousness; distort sensations and perceptions

A

Hallucinogens

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33
Q

Reducing stimuli to your five senses to alter consciousness

A

Sensory deprivation

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34
Q

Focuses on internal state of being

A

Meditation and relaxation

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35
Q

Erik Erikson

A

Interested in SOCIAL need to resolve goals and demands of each stage

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36
Q

Jean Piaget

A

Interested in COGNITIVE development - thinking

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37
Q

Lawrence Kohlberg

A

Interested in MORAL development

38
Q

Fertilization of an egg by sperm; begins with ovulation

A

Conception

39
Q

fertilized egg - conception to implantation

A

Zygote

40
Q

Typically 2-8 weeks post-implantation

A

Embryo

41
Q

8-40 weeks; grow, grow, grow

A

Fetus

42
Q

Harmful agents

A

Terotagens

43
Q

Neurons at work; “growth spurt” ; brain “plastic”

A

Brain development

44
Q

stroke a babies cheek right after birth and they will move their head towards that side (looking for breast/bottle)

A

Rooting reflex

45
Q

Lay a newborn down flat with their hands by their ears in tight fists; while you gently move their head to one side, their hand straightens out to the side

A

Tonic neck reflex

46
Q

Startle response when someone picks a baby up because they are startled

A

Moro reflex

47
Q

Mental activities associated with thinking and knowing

A

Cognition

48
Q

“Concepts” of knowledge related to long-term memory

A

Schemas

49
Q

Interpret experience through CURRENT schema that is already developed

A

Assimilation

50
Q

Adjust to fit NEW information into an existing schema

A

Accommodation

50
Q

(birth-2): coordinate senses and motor skills; no “object permanence” until - 8 months

A

Sensorimotor

51
Q

(2-6): form mental images, but not abstract; egocentric

A

Preoperational

52
Q

(7-11): concrete thought; more accurate concepts of time, space, numbers; still not adult logic

A

Concrete-operational

53
Q

(12-on): abstract thought (imagination)

A

Formal operational

54
Q

Personal knowledge worth (begins early)

A

Self-concept

55
Q

Need for closeness to primary caregiver (body contact)

A

Attachment

56
Q

No critical period or “imprinting” for humans

A

Familiarity

57
Q

Capable of reproducing; hormonal changes that cause rapid physical change in the body

A

Puberty

58
Q

Comfortable sense of “self”

A

Identity

59
Q

Form emotionally close ties; needs identity FIRST

A

Intimacy

60
Q

later independence, later marriage, later child-bearing

A

“not-yet-settled” phase of life

61
Q

Weaker immune systems, but accumulate antibodies

A

Health

62
Q

RECALL weakens; RECOGNITION intact

A

Memory

63
Q

General knowledge (accumulate)

A

Crystallized intelligence

64
Q

Ability to acquire information quickly abstractly (decrease)

A

Fluid intelligence

65
Q

A relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience

A

Learning

66
Q

We learn to associate stimuli

A

Classical conditioning

67
Q

We learn to associate our action with stimuli

A

Operant conditioning

68
Q

Learning by watching others

A

Observational learning

69
Q

Stimulus that NATURALLY triggers a response

A

Unconditioned stimulus

70
Q

UNLEARNED reaction

A

Unconditioned response

71
Q

a previously NEUTRAL stimulus that, after association, triggers a c. conditioned response

A

Conditioned stimulus

72
Q

LEARNED response to a conditioned stimulus

A

Conditioned response

73
Q

US

A

Unconditioned stimulus

74
Q

UR

A

Unconditioned response

75
Q

CS

A

Conditioned stimulus

76
Q

CR

A

Conditioned response

77
Q

Gradually attain a response that is strengthened over time/exposure

A

Acquisition

78
Q

Take away US, and CR will weaken and sipper

A

Extinction

79
Q

Return of a CR after a brief period of nonexposure

A

Spontaneous recovery

80
Q

Response to similar stimuli after a CR to a stimulus has occurred

A

Generalization

81
Q

Ability to distinguish between CS and another similar but IRRELEVANT stimulus

A

Discrimination

82
Q

The organism learns to associate a stimulus with its own voluntary behavior

A

Operant conditioning

83
Q

B.F Skinner

A

Applied the science of operant conditioning to real world issues

84
Q

Involves reinforcing closer and closer desired responses

A

Shaping

85
Q

The rate of response increases

A

Reinforcement

86
Q

The rate of response decreases

A

Punishment

87
Q

Reward after every desired response

A

Continuous reinforcement

88
Q

Reward after a fixed number of non-reinforced responses

A

Fixed-ratio

89
Q

Reward after a variable number of non-reinforced responses

A

Variable ratio

90
Q

Reward after a fixed amount of time elapses

A

Fixed interval

91
Q

Reward after a variable amount of time elapses

A

Variable interval

Spiritual Formation (12 decks)

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