Western Civ Final Flashcards
who dominated the long distance trade routes during medieval times
italians
what was the most significant conflict between chuch and state in medieval europe
investiture conflict
what will become the rallying cry for the crusaders throughout the crusades
“God Wills It”
Legends of this orders secret rituals, huge wealth and lost treasures have long fascinated conspiracy theorists for centuries
Knights Templar
List the significance of the Battle of Hastings. All.
- England political shift from the Scandinavian world to continental Europe
- Domesday Book
- Birth of the Modern English Language
Explain the 2 important provisions within the Magna Carta
- Protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment
- New taxation only with baronial consent and limitations on scutage
By 1215 the Mongols had conquered most of China under their powerful leader
Genghis Khan
Who was the most famous of all the Venetian merchants
Marco Polo
Name the great plague that ends in 1352 with the deaths of 1/3 to 3/5’s of the European population
The Black Death
What French Peasant girl turned the longstanding Anglo-French conflict into a Religious War
Joan of Arc
The Renaissance origunated in what Italian city
Florence
Define Colombian exchange
The movement of people, animals, plants, manufactured goods, precious metals, and diseases between Europe, America, and Africa
What were Martin Luther’s 2 major issues with the church
Salvation and Indulgences
Pope Paul III cretaed a new priest order to combat the Protestants and convert the heathens to Christianity. What was this new order of priests called
The Jesuits
What was the name of one of the most influential royal houses of Europe? The House of Charles V of Spain
House of Habsburg
What were French Calvinists called
Huguenots
In response to the execution of the Catholic Monarch, Mary Queen of Scot’s, Philip II of Spain
Sent the famous Spanish Armada to crush England
Name the King who was an ardent believer in the divine right of kings and will create a system of absolute monarchical rule?
Louis XIV
Define absolutism
a system of government in which the ruler claims sole and uncontestable power
Define Mercantilism
Governments must intervene to increase national wealth by whatever means possible
Name given to those who fought for Parliament
Roundheads
Name given to those who fought for the king
Cavaliers
The Cromwellian Rump Parliament then abolished the monarchy and ht eHouse of Lords and set up a Puritan Republic known as the
Commonwealth of England
John Locke argues that Governments only purpose was to protect what
Protect life, liberty, and property
Define the following
a. mestizo
b. peninsular
c. creoles
a. a person born to a spanish father and a native mother
b. those born in spain
c. born in america of spanish parents
explain the strategic importance of the creation of the bank of England
enabled the government to raise money at low interest for foreign wars
what city symbolized Russia’s “opening to the west”
St. Petersburg
What were the 2 central doctrines of the Enlightenment Philosophers?
- Individual liberty
- religious tolerance
What were the 3 main reasons for immigration to the “new world”
- economic freedom
- political freedom
- religious freedom
who were the executive authority in the colonies, tasked with carrying out the Kings instructions?
royal governors
List the 4 coercive acts
- boston port act
- massachusetts government act
- impartial administration of justice act
- quartering act
the second continetal congress issues a declaration of independence on what day
July 4th, 1776
A body of deputies from the three estates or orders
Estates General
Declaration of the Right of Man and Citizen proclaimed
“Men are born and remained free and equal in rights”
Know what the slogans and values that will define the French Revolution are
- liberty
- equality
- fraternity
2nd century BC artifact will unlock the lost ancient Egyptian culture
Rosetta Stone
The objective of the Congress was to provide a long-term peace plan for Europe by settling critical issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wards and the Napoleonic Wars
Congress of Vienna
America’s reaction to the political instability in South America during the 1820s
Monroe Doctrine
Causes of WWI
- nationalism
- imperialism
- entangling alliances
- militarism~Germany’s rise as a world power
Reasons for American involvement
-economic
-unrestricted submarine warfare
-anti-german propaganda
This clause (provision) forced Germany to accept responsibility for the war
War Guilt Clause
Point 14 General association of nations to guarantee the security of great and small nations alike
league of nations
what does NAZI stand for
National Socialist German Workers Party
Results of the failed Putsch
- the trial publicity made Hitler a national figure
- he writes mein kampf
- he decides to take power legally
Western democracies policy of —. Accepting Hitler’s demands in order to avoid conflict
Appeasement
Hitler invaded Poland World War II begins
September 1, 1939
Desert Fox
Field Marshall Erwin Rommel
Reasons Hitler invaded Russia. For Hitler, the temptations for invasion are too great
- Its the heart of communism
- its where lebensraum is to be found
- it is the home to the largest jewish population in the world
The US will give $46 billion in aid
Lend-Lease
The axis powers
- Germany->Adolf Hitler
- Italy->Benito Mussolini
- Japan->Hideki Tojo
The Allied Powers
- America->FDR
- England ->Winston Churchill
- Soviet Union (Russia)->Joseph Stalin
What was the date of D-Day
June 6, 1944
conference considered a sellout by FDR
Yalta
Supreme Allied Commander in EUrope
Dwight David Eisenhower
Japan sought to establish what they called the
Greater East Asia Co. Prosperity Sphere
For the military the highest honor they could gain in battle
Die for their emperor
Surrender was considered a
Disgrace
Pearl harbor gets the United States into WWII
December 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor
— is ordered by FDR to leave for Australia. Where he issues his famous — declaration
General Douglas MacArthur
I Shall Return
76k American and Filipino troops surrender
The Bataan Death March
Japanese Navy is stopped in the attempt to capture Port Moresby
Battle of Coral Sea
Commander and CHief of the US Pacific fleet during WWII
Chester W. Nimitz
Supreme allied commander in the Pacific Theatre during WWII
Douglass MacArthur
Led air raid on Tokyo
Jimmy Doolittle
Americans at home followed the war
Newsreels
Were placed in the windows of Americans who lost loved ones during the war
Gold Stars
It is the turning point of the war in the Pacific
Battle of Midway
1st land victory for America in the pacific
Battle of Guadalcanal
Most famous image of WWII classic flag raising on Mt. Suribachi
Battle of Iwo Jima
1st assault on the japanese home islands
Battle of Okinawa
Kamikazes
Divine wind
Code name for the atomic bomb project
Manhattan Project
1st nuclear explosion was on US soil July 16, 1945
Trinity
On August 15, 1945 Japan Surrenders
VJ-Day
Will be the Military Governor of occupied Japan
General Douglas MacArthur
The internment of the japanese americans
Japanese Americans were ytargeted as potentially disloyal. They were viewed as potential spies for the Japanese Government
Which offered the benefit of free college education to returning veterans
G.I. bill of rights
