chapter 16 Flashcards
An ardent believer in the divine right of kings system of absolute monarchical rule
Louis XIV
A series of revolts between 1648-1653 known as the Fronde. The conflict began
1648 when Cardinal Mazarin levied a tax on judicial officers. When they refused to pay and demanded the right to approve new taxes he had the leaders arrested.
The Fronde’s goal
was to protect their ancient liberties from royal encroachments. Not overthrow the king
Results of the Fronde
Louis centralized the army under his direct control
The gardens reflected the spirit of Louis XIV’s rule, their geometrical arrangement and clear lines showed:
- that art and design could tame nature
- that order and control defined the exercise of power
Absolutism
a system of government in which the ruler claims sole and uncontestable power
Louis will achieve Absolutism by making everyone dependent upon him. Using a systematic policy of
- bestowing pensions
- offices
- honors (titles of nobility)
- gifts
- the threat of disfavor or punishment
Nobility of the sword
family members, princes, old military based nobility
intendants
holders of a public administrative office
intendants performed 3 main functions:
- collection of taxes
- financing of public projects
- provisioning of the army
Mercantilism
governments must intervene to increase national wealth by whatever means possible
Louis XIV will embark on a series of wars that will earn him the nickname
“The Christian Turk”
The war of Spanish Succession
Charles II, King of Spain died. Leaving no male heir. Attempted to unify the French and the Spanish crowns and controlled a vast empire
Frederick William of Hohenzollern, Unlike Louis he recognized
noble dominance over the land in exchange for state service
true contribution to absolutism in his realm was the
quadrupling of his army
Parliament’s most indispensable power
was its ability to raise tax revenues far in excess of all other sources of revenue at the crown’s disposal
Because England had no single constitutional document, regulated relations between king and Parliament
a variety of laws, judicial decisions, charters, petitions and customary procedures.
The scots riot and then invade England
Archbishop of Canterbury issued the “book of common prayer” to enforce uniform rules of worship in England, Scotland and Wales
The long parliament passed 3 laws in order to place limits on the kings absolute monarchial rule
- Parliament should convene once every 3 years
- made it illegal for the king to impose taxes without Parliamentary consent
- Parliament passed a law forbidding the king to dissolve it without its consent
fought for parliament
roundheads
fought for the king
cavaliers
levellers
who wanted to “level” social differences and extend political participation to all male property owners
Charles I was found guilty
of attempting to establish “an unlimited and tyrannical power”
The cromwellian rump parliament then abolished the monarchy and the house of lords and set up a puritan republic known as the
commonwealth of england
Parliament passed the test act 1673
requiring all government officials to profess allegiance to the church of England
Supported a strong hereditary monarchy and the Church of England
Tories
Advocated Parliamentary supremacy and toleration to protestant dissenters
whigs
Glorious revolution
power had shifted without spilling blood
leviathan, in the book, Hobbes argued in favor of
absolutism
giving up ________________ collective security
personal liberty
John Locke, governments only purpose was to
protect life, liberty, and property
