chapter 17 Flashcards
Atlantic system became a web of trade routes that bound together __________________________________ and became the hub of European expansion throughout the world.
Western Europe, Africa and the America’s
Plantations
Large tracts of land owned by colonial settlers, farmed by slave labor and produced staple crops
Europeans imported ____(1)____ central and South America. West Indies they imported ___(2)___ colonies in North America ___(3)___.
1) Precious Metals
2) Sugar
3) Timber, FIsh, Tobacco, and Furs
Mestido
a person born to a Spanish father and a native mother
Peninsular
those born in Spain
Creoles
born in America of Spanish parents
, To expand its trade in the rest of the world, Europeans
seized territories and tried to establish permanent settlements
COnsumer society coffeehouses
where people could meet socially and discuss business and politics
3 main reasons for the population explosion
- better weather produced bountiful harvests
- improved agricultural techniques
- the disappearance of the Plague after 1720
By 1750_____ is Europe’s largest city
London
Conspicuous consumption
the consumption of luxuries on a lavish scale in an attempt to enhance one’s prestige
50 years of warfare 1700-1750 saw 3 important developments
- A new power lignment arose
- A coalition of powers held France in check on the continent
- The British RIse and the Dutch Decline
Russia had defeated Sweden considered to be one of the world’s best militaries, and the victory overturned the view that Russia was militarily incompetent
Russia’s Emergence as a European power, Battle of Poltava
Peter the great
expanded the Russian state into a much larger empire. Led a cultural revolution in Russia to modernize them along Western Standards
Peter introduced numerous reforms
-founded the Russian Academy of Science
-replaced the Russian calendar with the Julian Calendar
- Adopted European fashions and banned beards for men and veils for women
- Modernized the army and built a navy
Symbolized Russia’s “opening to the west”
St. Petersburg
The Table of Ranks
a formal list of positions and ranks in the military, government, and court of imperial Russia. All social and material advantages now depended on serving the crown
What was the enlightenment
it was a cultural movement of intellectuals in the 18th century Europe and the American colonies
What was the purpose of the Enlightenment?
-To reform society using REASON!!
-To advance knowledge through science
What did the Enlightenment oppose
Superstition, intolerance, and some abuses by church and state
The central doctrines of the Enlightenment philosophers were
individual liberty and religious tolerance
A significant criticism of the Enlightenment was that its followers
subjected everything to criticism and challenged both political and religious authority
The 3 main reasons for immigration to the “New World”
economic, political, and religious freedom
By 1776, there were 3 types of colonies
proprietary, charter and royal
Were the executive authority in the colonies, carrying out the Kings instructions
Royal governors
Navigation act of 1651, 1660, 1663
Regulate and control colonial trade
The French and Indians war in America
For control over the lucrative fur trade
The stamp Act of 1765
The proclamation of 1763
Colonial Response
- Virginia assembly passed the Virginia resolves only the Virginia assembly had right to tax Virginians
- New England Colonies mobilizes a group of protestors THE SONS OF LIBERTY
- they use violence and intimidation to avoid the taxes
- New York
- The Stamp act congress
- peaceably petitions parliament for a redress
Coercive acts
- Boston Port Act
- Massachusetts Government Act
- Impartial Administration of Justice Act
-Quartering Act
The second continental congress issues a declaration of independence
July 4, 1776
Ideals of the Enlightenment put in writing and mandates that the government must abide by them
The Constitution of the United States of America
