1-26 midterm exam

Question 1

List the 4 types of societies

Answer 1

→ hunting/gathering
→ horticultural
→ pastoral
→ agricultural

Question 2

The worship of more than one god?

Answer 2

Polytheism

Question 3

The construction and maintenance of canals.

Answer 3

→ necessitated the creation of a centralized government

Question 4

List the 3 main reasons for slavery in ancient times?

Answer 4

→ prisoners of war
→ voluntarily selling themselves (escape starvation/ satisfy debts)
→ born a slave

Question 5

Sargon the Great

Answer 5

→ creates the first recorded Empire in Western Civilization

Question 6

Silt

Answer 6

→ The river produced/left deposits that enriched the soil and diluted harmful mineral salts.

Question 7

Compare and contrast Mesopotamian and Egyptian religions.

Answer 7

Sumerians:
- To pacify the gods thus avoiding divine punishment
- Unpredictable power of the gods (gods acted like overgrown children)

Same:
- Polytheistic
- Life centered around their religions

Egyptians:
- Burial complexes at which Egyptians could worship Egypt’s god-kings after they died
- Egyptian gods were far more benevolent and helpful to humans. Kings were regarded as helpful divinity in human form

Question 8

Israelites had to follow a strict religious and moral code.

Answer 8

→ the 10 commandants

Question 9

Iliad and The Odyssey.

Answer 9

→ Greece’s most famous author, Homer who wrote the epic poems.

Question 10

The most important Oracle in Greece.

Answer 10

→ Oracle of Delphi

Question 11

Helots.

Answer 11

→ slaves of the spartan city-state who were Greek in origin (Messenia)

Question 12

Hellenic League

Answer 12

→ 31 Greek city-states formed a coalition to resist the Persian invasion

Question 13

An ancient Greek teaching style.

Answer 13

→ Socratic Method

Question 14

Amnesty.

Answer 14

→ the new regime determined to settle the internal strife (desire for revenge) that threatening to tear Athens apart issued first known in Western History

Question 15

Plato rulers

Answer 15

→ Philosopher Kings

Question 16

List the 3 military reforms instituted by Philip of Macedonia.

Answer 16

→ Philip was the first in the ancient world to create a professional army
→ He nearly doubled the length of the spears in the traditional Greek Phalanx
→ Used the cavalry as a strike force to soften up the enemy

Question 17

Alexander’s tutor

Answer 17

→ Aristotle

Question 18

What a ruler who holds absolute power.

Answer 18

→ Despots

Question 19

The most famous and enduring governmental body of the ancient world.

Answer 19

→ The Senate

Question 20

Virtue.

Answer 20

→ The highest value was Virtus which emphasized strength, loyalty and courage, especially in war

Question 21

The patron-client system

Answer 21

→ A system/institution based on a network of relationships characterized by mutual obligations

Question 22

Who possessed the authority to veto any legislation.

Answer 22

→ Tribunes

Question 23

List the 2 most significant Roman Inventions

Answer 23

→ Concrete
→ The Roman Arch

Question 24

What were the 2 sources of Augustus’s true power?

Answer 24

→ controlled the states treasury
→ loyalty of the Army

Question 25

Goal of the Principate

Answer 25

→ was stability and order not political freedom

Question 26

The cornerstone of Christian faith

Answer 26

→ Resurrection of Jesus