Chapter 9

Question 1

Byzantines military victories over new territories bought prestige and wealth making the emperors create

Answer 1

stronger more centralized governments

Question 2

Was the cultural and commercial capital of the Christian world

Answer 2

Constantinople

Question 3

Byzantine emperors to enhance commerce and control it, they issued trading permits to

Answer 3

Jews, Venetians, and Genoans

Question 4

Byzantine emperor Constantine V will reconstruct the central army in 755

Answer 4

Tagmata

Question 5

The Dynatoi

Answer 5

Wealthy landowners who will dominate the senior levels of civil, military and ecclesiastic offices within the empire

Question 6

Where images of Christian figures were banned from art and architecture

Answer 6

iconoclasm

Question 7

The Al-Andalus dynasty… will create a flourishing & stable kingdom

Answer 7

Will grant religious freedom to its Christian and Jewish inhabitants and allows them to live in accordance to their own laws

Question 8

The Abbasid’s move their capital from Damascus to Baghdad

Answer 8

for its prosperous location near trade routes

Question 9

Abbasids enter a period of decline

Answer 9

Due to their inability to raise sufficient tax revenue to support the massive army and large civil service administering the empire

Question 10

Despite the multitude of Ethnic groups within the Muslim world the Arabic language provided a uniferas

Answer 10

It was the language of the Qur’an, commerce and government throughout islamic lands

Question 11

Wealthy muslims established and endowed schools for higher learning

Answer 11

Madrasa

Question 12

Al-Khwarizimi 780-850 wrote a book on Algebra

Answer 12

Introduced the zero, the modern number system; Arabic Numerals.

Question 13

“Donation of Pepin” - Papal states until 1870

Answer 13

Christianity in Italy was tied primarily to the European West and not the Byzantine East

Question 14

Establishment of a partnership between his Frankish kingdom and the church. Charlemagne created an empire that was based on the development between three elements:

Answer 14

The Roman past, the Germanic way of life, and the legacy of Christianity

Question 15

To achieve this Charlemagne…

Answer 15

• He forced baptism on pagans, like the Saxons rather than voluntary conversion
• Palatine Chapel
• Charlemagne had the Pope escorted back to Rome

Question 16

Charlemagne ordered the cathedrals and monasteries to teach reading and writing to

Answer 16

All who were able to learn

Question 17

Just as Europe was on the verge of emerging from the Dark Ages ___________________ will throw them back into it

Answer 17

The Viking Invasions

Question 18

Feaudalism causes:
Second Cause:

Answer 18

• Collapse of the Carolingian Empire
• Attacks & invasions by Vikings, Muslims, Magyars

Question 19

Permanently divided the Carolingian Empire

Answer 19

Treaty of Verdun

Question 20

Instead of buying military services with cash, great landholders gave land called

Answer 20

A fief

Question 21

The individual who receives the land from the great landholders is called

Answer 21

A vassal

Question 22

At the lowest Echelon of society were the peasants, also called

Answer 22

“serfs”

Question 23

In exchange for living and working on his land, the lord offered his peasants:

Answer 23

protection and a judicial system to negotiate pesant disputes

Question 24

The rise of Castellans in an important turning point in European history because it ensured that

Answer 24

Rule would be local rather than centralized