chapter 14 Flashcards
Discovery causes
- Economics, desire for an all water route to China and India for the valuable Spice Trade
- Driven by their desire to use potential gold and riches in future crusades against Islam
- Religious fervency to spread Christianity to the non-believers
The Treaty of Tordesillas 1494
to avoid future conflicts between Spain and Portugal, Pope Alexander VI helped negotiate a treaty dividing current and future discoveries
Called the Aztecs by the Europeans
Mexica
Cortes expedition served as the model for others conquered the Inca
Francisco Pizarro
Spanish gold and silver fro the new world causes
inflation to soar
The Columbian Exchange
the movement of peoples, animals, plants, manufactured goods, precious metals and diseases between Europe, America and Africa
Spaniards brought to the new world
- Christianity
- Iron technology
- Sailing ships
- Firearms
- Wheeled Vehicles
- Horses
- Old World Viruses
Johannes Gutenburg, printing press and moveable type, a key role in the development
the Renaissance, Reformation, the Age of Enlightenment, an the scientific revolution
In 1517 Martin Luther
nailed his Ninety-five theses on church reform to the Wittenberg church doors
Movement that will forever split the Western Church, Luther had 2 major issues:
Salvation and indulgences
Wartburg Castle, Significance was his influence on the emergence of the German language
translated the Bible into German
One group that was extremely supportive and influential for Luther
Evangelicals
Predestination
God ordained “the Elect” (small group) to salvation or damnation even before the creation of the world
Was Europe’s largest and most widespread popular uprising prior to the French Revolution of 1789
The Peasant War of 1525
Act of Supremacy
created the Church of England and made Henry and subsequent English monarchs the head of the new church
The Council of Trent, Results of the Council
- The church was the ultimate authority on the Bible, anyone else was a heretic
- Salvation depended on both faith and good works, not just faith
- Banned the selling of indulgences
The pope also created a new priest order to combat the Protestants and to convert the heathens of Christianity
The Jesuits
Father of Modern Politcial science
Niccolo Machiavelli
Was one of the most influential royal houses of Europe
the House of Habsburg
In 1535 Francis I forges an alliance with the ________ against Charles V.
Muslim Turks
Royal revenues could not keep up with military expenditures. The solutions:
- they devalued their coinage
- they borrowed
The Peace of Augsburg
the most important, it established that ALL princes enjoyed the right ti determine the religion of their lands and subject. The agreement excluded calvinists
