Chapter 8

Question 1

Islam means

Answer 1

Submission to God

Question 2

Followers of Islam are called Muslims

Answer 2

One who submits

Question 3

The framework of Muslim life in the “5 Pillars of Islam”

Answer 3

1) Testimony of Faith (The Shahada)
2) Salat (Daily prayers)
3) Giving Zakat (Support of the needy)
4) Fast Ramadan
5) Hajj or Pilgrimage to Mecca

Question 4

Muslims viewed Muhammad as this

Answer 4

The Prophet

Question 5

Revelations, _____________, the holy scripture of Islam

Answer 5

Qur’an

Question 6

Jihad

Answer 6

Striving in the way of God

Question 7

Islamic Expansion: Muhammad united the tribes as one large tribe (internal)

Answer 7

Persuasion, negotiation and force

Question 8

External factors of Islamic Expansion

Answer 8

The Byzantine and Sassanid empires were exhausted from just having fought a bitter war against each other

Question 9

Spiritual leader of Islam, claiming succession from Muhammad

Answer 9

Caliph

Question 10

The division of islam

Answer 10

• Sunni (means “lawful”)
• Shiites

Question 11

The loss of the Balkans effectively cut the Byzantines off __________ and ____________ from the former western empire

Answer 11

Culturally and economically

Question 12

The Byzantines were able to repel the Muslim invasion and stabilize their empire with the introduction of a powerful new weapon called

Answer 12

“Greek Fire”

Question 13

Byzantine Emperors broke the empire into military districts called Themes. Each theme was led by a general called a

Answer 13

Strategos

Question 14

Western Europe resulting from the collapse of Rome institutions and the increasing association between politics and religion

Answer 14

The kings sought to bolster their authority through religious means

Question 15

The Pope who had conflicts with the Byzantine emperors over

Answer 15

increasing taxes, priestly marriage and the worship of icons

Question 16

Will rank among the most powerful men in Merovingian society

Answer 16

Catholic Bishops

Question 17

Charles Martel called

Answer 17

Charles the Hammer

Question 18

Between 721-725 Martel defeated and incorporated Neustria and Burgundy

Answer 18

critical source of man power and resources (wealth)

Question 19

During the Early middle ages, troops were only available

Answer 19

after the crops had been planted and before harvesting time

Question 20

Martel paid for his new army

Answer 20

by confiscating church properties and lands

Question 21

Christians simply call ALL muslims

Answer 21

Sacaren (Barbarian)

Question 22

Was the strength of Abdul-Rahman Al Ghahfiqi army

Answer 22

Cavalry

Question 23

The strength of the FRank army was its

Answer 23

infantry foot soldier

Question 24

part of charles martel’s military brilliance

Answer 24

was his ability to pick the time and place of his battles

Question 25

the turning point

Answer 25

abdul-rahman al ghafiqi was killed

Question 26

Martel became the master of western europe and the

Answer 26

“defender of the earth”

Question 27

charles martel’s grandson ___________ was the greatest king of the middle ages

Answer 27

Charlemagne (768-814)

Question 28

significance of battle of tours

Answer 28

the decisive turning point in the struggle against islam, a struggle which preserved christianity as the religion of europe