Chapter 8 Flashcards
Islam means
Submission to God
Followers of Islam are called Muslims
One who submits
The framework of Muslim life in the “5 Pillars of Islam”
1) Testimony of Faith (The Shahada)
2) Salat (Daily prayers)
3) Giving Zakat (Support of the needy)
4) Fast Ramadan
5) Hajj or Pilgrimage to Mecca
Muslims viewed Muhammad as this
The Prophet
Revelations, _____________, the holy scripture of Islam
Qur’an
Jihad
Striving in the way of God
Islamic Expansion: Muhammad united the tribes as one large tribe (internal)
Persuasion, negotiation and force
External factors of Islamic Expansion
The Byzantine and Sassanid empires were exhausted from just having fought a bitter war against each other
Spiritual leader of Islam, claiming succession from Muhammad
Caliph
The division of islam
- Sunni (means “lawful”)
- Shiites
The loss of the Balkans effectively cut the Byzantines off __________ and ____________ from the former western empire
Culturally and economically
The Byzantines were able to repel the Muslim invasion and stabilize their empire with the introduction of a powerful new weapon called
“Greek Fire”
Byzantine Emperors broke the empire into military districts called Themes. Each theme was led by a general called a
Strategos
Western Europe resulting from the collapse of Rome institutions and the increasing association between politics and religion
The kings sought to bolster their authority through religious means
The Pope who had conflicts with the Byzantine emperors over
increasing taxes, priestly marriage and the worship of icons
Will rank among the most powerful men in Merovingian society
Catholic Bishops
Charles Martel called
Charles the Hammer
Between 721-725 Martel defeated and incorporated Neustria and Burgundy
critical source of man power and resources (wealth)
During the Early middle ages, troops were only available
after the crops had been planted and before harvesting time
Martel paid for his new army
by confiscating church properties and lands
Christians simply call ALL muslims
Sacaren (Barbarian)
Was the strength of Abdul-Rahman Al Ghahfiqi army
Cavalry
The strength of the FRank army was its
infantry foot soldier
part of charles martel’s military brilliance
was his ability to pick the time and place of his battles
the turning point
abdul-rahman al ghafiqi was killed
Martel became the master of western europe and the
“defender of the earth”
charles martel’s grandson ___________ was the greatest king of the middle ages
Charlemagne (768-814)
significance of battle of tours
the decisive turning point in the struggle against islam, a struggle which preserved christianity as the religion of europe
