Chapter 10

Question 1

Medieval fairs

Answer 1

served as marketplaces

Question 2

towns and cities tended to be located near sources of wealth and trade, such as:

Answer 2

monasteries, castles, rivers and seas.

Question 3

long distance trade routes dominated by

Answer 3

the italians

Question 4

guilds

Answer 4

were trade organizations that set prices, regulated working conditions, and determined quality

Question 5

iron became readily available to produce new improved

Answer 5

iron plows, weapons and armor

Question 6

reasons for underlying church reform

Answer 6

• commercial revolution made the church corrupt
• the appointment of religious leaders by secular rulers

Question 7

simony

Answer 7

the sale of church offices

Question 8

was the most significant conflict between church and state in medieval Europe

Answer 8

investiture conflict

Question 9

concordat of worms and its significance

Answer 9

strengthen the popes position as head of the church

Question 10

the great schism of 1054

Answer 10

occurred when a representative of the Roman Pope excommunicated the patriarch of constantinople, and the Patriarch excommunicated the Roman Pope in return

Question 11

the immediate trigger

Answer 11

the growing power of the Seljuk Turks

Question 12

this will become the rallying cry for the crusades throughout the crusades

Answer 12

“God wills it”

Question 13

is a way to reduce the amount of punishment one has to undergo for sins

Answer 13

indulgences

Question 14

pope’s motives

Answer 14

• the overwhelming number of mercenary armies and knights with no lords to serve and threatened to destabilize an already fragile political arrangement
• to win the Christian control of Jerusalem and the Holy Land
• strengthen the papacies military and political position

Question 15

pope issues several papal dispensations “the right of the road”

Answer 15

the freedom to travel throughout Europe unmolested.

Question 16

pograms

Answer 16

state organized massacres, especially of Jews

Question 17

godfrey of bouillon took the title

Answer 17

king of jerusalem

Question 18

military religious orders of the crusaders. these military orders formed

Answer 18

to protect the Christian states in the holy land and Christian pilgrims to the holy land

Question 19

legends of its secret rituals, huge wealth, and lost treasures have long fascinated conspiracy theorists for centuries

Answer 19

the knights templar

Question 20

set up a string of hospitals along the pilgrimage route from Europe to Jerusalem

Answer 20

knights hospitaller

Question 21

membership of the order was small and confined to Germans

Answer 21

Teutonic knights

Question 22

at the battle of Hattin, Saladin largely annihilated the combined armies

Answer 22

saladin

Question 23

the legacy of the crusades

Answer 23

1) the crusaders enhances the wealth and power of the Italian city-states particularly Venice, Making the Venetians a super state in the Mediterranean
2) the crusaders exacerbated the political disunity of the Sunni & Shi’ite Muslims
3) ignited a commercial dependence of eastern goods that will eventually lead to the age of discovery

Question 24

with the support of the nobles Harold grabbed the crown and the day after Edwards burial Harold in the presence of all the nobles was crowned at

Answer 24

Westminster Abbey

Question 25

William of Normandy was crowned king of England in Westminster Abbey

Answer 25

on Christmas day 1066

Question 26

Significance of the Battle

Answer 26

• ENgland Political shift from the scandinavian world to continental Europe
• Domesday Book
• the birth of the modern english language