West zone 1949-63 pt2 Flashcards
what did economic miracle mask
social struggles
what was passed in 1952 - effect
requalisation of burdens law - levy(tax) on real estate not affected by war
GNP growing
8% each day
by 1956 what was achieved
full employment
what did one of first 1950 legislations provide support for
refugees homeless etc
impact of equalisation burdens law
DM143 billion redistributed
what was passed in 1951
131 law - restore employment + pension rights - Globe reinstated (former nazi)
what was formed in 1949
German federation trade unions - overcome internal conflicts under 1 umbrella organisation SIMPLIFIED SYSTEM
1951 W- what was passed
codetermination law - worker representation on boards
how did west German trade unions compare to west countries
SUCCESSFUL - fewer strikes = less party politics = cooperation instead antagonist
how was welfare improved
60% final year earnings = pension (Britain = 29%)
how was housing crisis solved?
6 million new flats built - gov subsided industry sector
what did allies want to do w/ education - why failed
-fundamentally restructure so reverse nazi influence - failed as could not agree
when was education responsibility passed to lander
1949
what was the result of lander taking education
NOT FUNDAMENTALLY CHANGED
what limited change occurred in education
1958 abolish fees + 1955 Dusseldorf agrmt. on a levels = chaos
why was education reform limited
- economic success disguise problems
- conservative BRD took influence from weimar
- soviets fundamentally restructure education - down want to mimic communists
on one level how did women change
1949 article 3 basic law = legal rights + 1957 law equality sexes
on another level women
avg. women earn 40% less men + 3 K’s fundamental in society
facts on social in first half 1950s
20% household little above substance level
HOWEVER second half 1950s
1962 63% own fridge - marked rise for ‘man in the street’
downside of economic success
mid 1960s- smug consumer society = critical +revolutionary decade
what was the ohne mich mentatlity
‘without me’ - ppl don’t care for international issues as focus on home issues
how did ardenaur win 1957 elections
father figure of west germany - ‘NO EXPERIMENTS CDU’
what did west germans detest
remilitarisation
what was an example of globalisation in youth
teddy boys - reject conservative ethos parents -
expansion transportation as evidence for modern industrial society
number cars 2million - 12.1 million
contradictory image on one hand
west germnanyt well off and secure
BUT on other hand west germany
0.1% population own 13% assets
BUT - west germany not really a class based society despite asset fact
levelling effect in rid of Ruhr barons + Prussian junkers
what was west germany under control of
allied high commission - no foreign office - ardenaeur as high commission
what was Adenauer foreign policy geared to
sovereignty of new state + exploit economic political + military state
what were ardenauer’s key principles
stability / reliability / cooperation
political restraints on new Western state
occupation statute April 1949 - occupying powers supervise trade
what was Petersburg agreement
autumn 1949 w/ allied high commission - allow BRD to join Ruhr authority
what was gained from Petersburg agreement ?
- dismantling industry by allies limited
- BRD establish diplomatic relations w/ other states
what was the ECSC
1951 Schumann plan w/6 members
-european coal + steel community - lift restrictions on imports/exports
evidence of ECSC success
production of coal up 44% from 1952 levels
what was signed in march 1957
treaty rome - western integration further - creates EEC
evidence of EEC influence
85% west German agriculture in EEC
what did the BRD seek in the EEC
political + economic influence - largest member
another example of economic cooperation
GATT - 1948 reduce barriers in international trade - BRD in 1951
why was the EDC made
fear of communism after 1950 Korean War BUT German rearmament feared so European integration on defence
what was EDC
European defence committee
when was EDC rejected by French parliament
1954
what was signed instead of EDC
Paris treaties 1954
military freedom allowed by Paris treaties evidence
national forces created Bundeswher
evidence western integration in military through Paris treaties
NATO - BRD JOIN 1955
when was basic law amended to allow bundeswher
nov 1955
evidence of franco German relations improved by 1955
when 2/3 Saar request unification w. west in plebiscite - 1957 saar to west Germany as 11th land
what did Carr say of BRD in 1955
‘seldom in history has a defeated power recovered so quickly’ - had freedom + sovereignty
evidence western integration at end ardenaeur reign
1963 French German treaty before signation influences policy to 1989
what was ardenaeur’s policy w/ east coined
magnet theory - strong west contrast east - 3 million refugees 1950
evidence of west German hostility to east
derogatory language e.g. ‘drüben’
what were stalin notes
during EDC negotiation march 1952 stalin send unification terms
points on stalin notes
removal foreign troops germany
ardenaeur stance on stalin notes
REJECTS
-germany a weak neutral prey to communist power
rejects on multiple occasions 1952 onwards
but CA to Stalin’s intensions w/ Stalin notes
coincide w/ EDC negotiations = bluff to prevent remilitarisation
On one hand - east germany cause separation
by 1955 what had the USSR released
‘two state theory’ - 2 sovereign German states - both represent nation
what had changes about USSR’s policy on germany
-integrate DDR to Warsaw Pact - May 1955 - NATO offensive + DDR full sovereignty
On other hand - west germany caused separation
-hallstein doctrine - ardenaeur refuse diplomatic relations w/ east + discourage many countries from recognising DDR
what countries broke hall stein doctrine
yogoslavia 1952
