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history germany > 1933-39 keeping control > Flashcards

1933-39 keeping control Flashcards

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1
Q

thesis on gestapo or propaganda in keeping control

A

-gestapo bred fear - cultivated atmosphere in which propaganda could indoctrinate minds of German pppl - rejection of nazi ideals in propaganda may have circulated

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2
Q

what role did the gestapo play in keeping control

A

constant reminder hitler’s perceived omniscience in hitler myth

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3
Q

one point to how gestapo kept control and CA

A

ever present force - above law + imprison w/o trial
CA - 30,000 officers at peak
HOWEVER - evidence limited as ppl’s denunciations made up for small numbers in crafting atmosphere of omnipresence

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4
Q

second point on gestapo

A

denunciations - 80% voluntary = strong commitment
CA - mot ppl inspired by personal factors
BUT - regardless aim - still cultivated terror state

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5
Q

what role did propaganda play in maintain control

A

successful in reinforcing over countering existing ideals
-1933 ministry propaganda - gradual control w/ familiar habitual news paper
CA - media ‘ spiritual weapon of totalitarian state 56/70 million listen- NOT ALL POPULATION
but mass suggestion etc

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6
Q

another point in role propoganda

A

reich culture chamber to ‘promote German culture for benefit of volk’
-sculpture 1934 decree all public statues convey nazi message
-replace cultural pluralism after upheaval 1920s w/ aryan

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7
Q

what were the limitations of ‘furrier power’

A

no one person could operate all gov - dependent on sympathetic subordinates to put policies into effect

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8
Q

evidence of hitler’s lack of inclination to co-ordinate government

A

1933 cabinet meets 77 times // rivalry between factions rose

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9
Q

but evidence of hitler’s overall decisive role in gov

A

-ran policy ‘divide and rule’
-took control on big decisions over foreign policy
-hitler preserves authority

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10
Q

SS increase from 1929 to 1933

A

250 –> 52,0000 AS HIMMLER LEADER

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11
Q

who carried out 1934 night of long knives

A

SS

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12
Q

what happened in 1939 w/ police organisations

A

amalgamated to RSHA vice deduct himmler

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13
Q

1 function of the SS

A

intelligence gathering by SD - security etc - responsibility grew w/ occupied lands

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14
Q

what happened in 1936

A

Kripo linked w/ gestapo

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15
Q

what was the role of the gestapo in SS

A

policing - arrest and detain w/o trial maintain fear

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16
Q

what was the Waffen SS

A

armed SS 35 divisions in war (grew from 3)

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17
Q

what happened to Waffen SS influence

A

influence grew rapidly in war - political weakening of German army - 1938 14,000 soldiers in 3 units

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18
Q

what’s the new order

A

nazi term - racial economic + political integration third reich

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19
Q

what was gestaopo and SD under

A

RSHA

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20
Q

what was the SS described as

A

‘a state within a state’

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21
Q

by 1944 how powerful was the German army

A

rivalled German army - waffen S 3-35 divisions

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22
Q

what did the SS become responsible for in economy

A

new order of occupied Eastern Europe over 150 firms by 1945 - slaver labour raw materials etc

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23
Q

what were the SS’s role in ideology and race

A

headed concentration camps and racial policy extermination

24
Q

limitations of gestapo in numbers

A

40,000 agents - e..g only 40 in Frankfurt

25
Q

limitations on gestapo in quality of workers

A

very few ‘top agents’ overly relied in kris

26
Q

what did the SS State become

A

persevered nazi regime - gained greater sphere influence

27
Q

evidence for propoganda in asserting control

A

reich radio company created by goebbels - dismissal 13% staff for new radio ppl

28
Q

CA to propoganda and disprove

A

1932 <25% German households have radio
BUT by 1939 70% of ppl have hitler’s new ‘People reciever’

29
Q

issues w/ newspapers

A

owned privately and only loyal to publisher

30
Q

1 way in which hitler tackles newspaper

A

1933 Editors law - newspaper content censored by publishing house for propaganda ministry

31
Q

downside of nazi censorship of newspapers

A

10% decline circulation 1939 as journalism bland

32
Q

how did propaganda succeed

A

-cultivation hiler myth
-strengthen nazi regime after poltical crisis

33
Q

BUT on other hand how did propaganda not succeed

A

-denounce churches
-seduce working classes away from established indeitity

34
Q

communist party poll in 1932

A

17%

35
Q

when was the mass arrest of communists by gestapo

A

1935

36
Q

example of underground communist group - closed down when

A

red orchestra group in 1942

37
Q

why did communists fail

A

leading activists 1936-39 fight in Spanish civil war

38
Q

what did communists take ono policy of

A

preservation until soviet liberation

39
Q

example of communist group tortured

A

white rose group - feb 1943 gestapo torture leaders Sophie school

40
Q

how did contrastive elites self sabotage their own resistance

A

army allowed night of long knives - links itself to regime (tricked by nazi’s anti left and anti democratic policies then realise negatives)

41
Q

example conservative opposition - names and how did it end

A

Ulrich von Kassel - ex ambassador in rome - plans to stage a coup BUT allied appeasement at Munich 1938 ruins plans

42
Q

what was the kreisau circle

A

conservative anti nazi group of aristocrats and elites

43
Q

what did kreisau circle do

A

20 July 1944 bomb plot - but hitler not killed

44
Q

what happened after bomb plot

A

5000 supporters killed and Moltke - member of aristocracy

45
Q

reasons for opposition to hitler in war years

A

stalingrad - military failures

46
Q

why did conservative movement fail

A

only recognise need to suppress hitler after regime established
-even after ‘turn of tide’ 1942 - army generals did not work w/ resistance

47
Q

evidence of resistance success

A

1939 T4 euthanasia policy against disabled ppl
–bishop Galen protests = removed
BUT went on in secret

48
Q

evidence of church success

A

crucifix attempted ban in 1936 - Galen demonstrations = not banned

49
Q

stat on communism against 17% electro art in 1932

A

half of party intervened in first year rule - (intern = imprisoned)

50
Q

red orchestra success

A

infiltrated gov through aristocratic sympathiser Schulz boysen

51
Q

BUT what happened to red orchestra

A

executed

52
Q

example trade union resistance

A

Wilhelm lueschner travels country - 1935-36 strikes

53
Q

failure trade unions

A

industrial action innefective +execution Wilhelm

54
Q

what did the White Rose Movement do?

A

-leaflets - can’t be tracked back

55
Q

evidence of success of informants

A

caretaker at uni reports White Rose Movement

56
Q

Opposition was innefective

A

-T4 carried on in secret
-5,000 killed after stauffenburg bomb
-industrial action ineffective

57
Q

opposition was effective

A

-bishop Galen Münster T4 banned
-1945 strikes

history germany (42 decks)

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