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history germany > P1- German revolution > Flashcards

P1- German revolution Flashcards

1
Q

how did the german revolution happen?

A

sailor mutiny at Kiehl Port - Wilhelmshaven - rumours of one last mission (suicide) - widespread fury

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2
Q

what were the cuaes for the collapse of imperial germany?

A

military defeat / socio-economic tension / immeadiate factors and influence from bolsehvik

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3
Q

when did kaiser abdicate ?

A

9 Nov 1918

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4
Q

which party was the most powerful in 1918?

A

SPD

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5
Q

when was the armistice signed?

A

11 Nov - at Compiègne

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6
Q

social effects of WW1

A

-discontentt - 1916 - Tunrip winter

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7
Q

what did Simon Constantine say about turnip winter ?

A

‘bullish patriotism of war food office agaisnt experience of real

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8
Q

middle class after ww1

A

-felt status + wealth declined blamed ‘Sharks of the Industry’

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9
Q

economic effects of WW1

A

-inflation - longer working hours but lower wages (avg. prices doubled wages only up by 50-75%

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10
Q

evidence of upheaval without war

A

-spanish flu 1918 - killed more than war

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11
Q

what was the october Reform

A

-Ludendorff - desire for constituional monarchy - democratic regime gain more respect and sympathy from allies -ACTUAL cycnical aim was to displace responsilbility for ww1 from the right military to the new government

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12
Q

why did the october reform fail?

A

-after sailor mutiny Prince Max’s gov lost control and forced into new coalition gov w/ Ebert

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13
Q

what was the stab in the back myth

A

-popular right wing myth - october reform sparks - left ‘november criminals’ responsible for war by signing versailles

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14
Q

what was the revolution from above?

A

Wilhelm –>power for army + navy to reichstag - chancellor accountable to reichstag not kaiser - foundations for ‘stab in back’

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15
Q

what was the revolution from below?

A

-sailor mutiny + control ports - socilaists take bavaria = thousands armed men supporting diff things march back to germany uncontrolled

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16
Q

Eberts issues in the military

A

-1.5 mil soliders return home - all armed - not organised and no jobs

17
Q

eberts issues socio-economic

A

-spanish flu - 50 mil dead + inflation + 1916-1917 fuel + food shortages

18
Q

ebert issues - left wing op

A

-1918 strikes // communist threat

19
Q

eberts issues - right wing op

A

friekorps - conservative army

20
Q

eberts actions - ebert Gröner agrmt.

A

-10.Nov.1918 ( army support Ebert + ebert preserves army == BAD IN LONG TERM - ARMY HAVE POWER

21
Q

Eberts Actions - Stinnes Legien Agrmt.

A

15.NOV - Ligien (TU leader) + Stinnes (industrial employers) - TU agree support priv ownership +free market ( seperate from communism no support to KPD or USPD) // stinnes - 8hr day

22
Q

1919 - 6th feb - first election - voter turnout and pro democracy

A

-76.1% vote pro democracy

23
Q

critical opinion of 2 agrmt. - Ebert Groner

A

-ebert supported compromises w/ forces of conservatism - army not reformed or committed to democracy – employers resent concessiosn and unsympathetic to Weimar system - frikeorps to restore order ‘END VIOLENCE BY USING ORG. THAT STARTED IT’

24
Q

-USPD- WHY DID THEY SEPERATE - STRATEGY AND AIMS

A

left eberts gov over shooitng of spartacists - RADICAL CHANGE - reform army and nationalise industries

25
Q

SPD - what happened

A

-became politcally isolated and moved further to right –> democracy + create change but prevent communism

26
Q

what did Spartacists form Jan .1 . 1919

A

-KPD (communist party)

27
Q

aims of Spartacists

A

-replace army w/ local militias of workers// nationalism of indutries + land // introduce welfare benefits

28
Q

-what did Spartacist do 5.jan.1919

A

-occupied public builidngs =call for general strike = crushed by friekorps and luxemborg and Liebkneckt murdered

29
Q

leader of spartacists

A

-Rosa Luxemburg + Karl Liebknecht

30
Q

5.jan.1919 - failed and why

A

leaders murdered - spartacists strong on policies -detached from politcal realities so failed

31
Q

argument for economy worst impact of war stats

A
  • industry 2/3 1913

- national income 1/3 1913

history germany (42 decks)

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