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ch6. Flashcards

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1
Q

what coalition was germany run by in 1929

A

Müller’s grand coalitions

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2
Q

what did german exports fall by in 1928?

A

55 % - slump in trade - demand for exports fell

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3
Q

what were 2 fundamental weaknesses in the german economy before wall Street Crash?

A
  • balance of trade in red (debt)

- 1.9 million unemployed

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4
Q

although wall street crash contributed to germnay’s problems what is thesis?

A

it was the occasion not the cause - crisis = final push that brought the economy down

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5
Q

when did unemployment peak and at what

A

jan 1932 at 6.1 million

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6
Q

how did economic crisis quickly degenerate into a political crisis

A
  • middle classes in law + medicine lost pride + money as no demand for services
  • society breaking down uncontrollably - lose faith in Weimar + turn to salvation in solutions by extremists
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7
Q

in Germany 1932 industrial production fell to what fo 1929 level

A

40%

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8
Q

similar in USA - industrial production fallen by?

A

46%

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9
Q

why did USA not fall like Germany

A

-USA - well-established democracy - suggests that the depression hastened the end of the republic only because the democratic basis of government not well established

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10
Q

why did reparations cause issues in germany ?

A

very time when unity+ firm gov required - republic torn apart by re-emergence emotive issue reparations

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11
Q

who was alfred hugenburg?

A

leader nationalists + own 150 newspapers + greatest media tycoon

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12
Q

who did Hugenburg generate support against young plan from ?

A

-pan german league hitler etc

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13
Q

what did the national opposition (hugenbrug’s supporters) put to a referendum?

A

law against enslavement of german ppl - (denounced payment reparations) - not passed 5.8million / 21 million votes needed

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14
Q

what benefits did hugenburg’s campaign offer hitler?

A
  • party membership 130,000 by 1929

- hitler made influential contacts on right wing + access to media empire

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15
Q

short term cause of muller collapse

A
  • INTERNAL DIVISIONS on welfare

- SPD support trade unions + welfare BUT DVP (w/ big business) reduce benefits –> resigned

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16
Q

who was put into office after muller

A

bruning

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17
Q

(2) one of reasons why brunings ascension marks a crucial step to end of new gov

A

-maneuvered into power by political intriguers surrounding president Hindenburg including Von Sleicher

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18
Q

(2) anotehr eason why bruning in power = no democracy

A

attempted to balance the budget but rejected by 256 votes BUT used A48 to put policy in place + dissolved reichstag to not be challenged

19
Q

1930 election who saw breakthrough and why?

A

nazi 810,000 –> 6 million (propoganda directed at rural + middle classes. - saw society breakdown

20
Q

what did 1930 elections show?

A

extreme parties made extreme gains against pro-democracy

21
Q

How is Brunings role as semi-dictator shown through presidential decree from 1930-32?

A

5 to 44 A48 laws passed

22
Q

what should bruning be considered?

A

ultra conservative monarchist = no sympathy for republic

23
Q

what was brunings two main economic measures

A
  • cut spending

- raise taxes

24
Q

what did brunings economic policies lead to ?

A

-worsened slump - low demand

‘Hunger Chancellor’ - decline welfare state

25
Q

figure to show failure of burnings economic policies in depression

A

5 leading german banks failed July 1931

26
Q

argument against Bruning’s failure in economic policy

A

no other alternative - in depression + fundamental weakness form 1920s

27
Q

spring 1932 elections - burnings votes compared to hitler

A
  • 53% - hindenburg
  • 36% hitler
  • hindenburg only chosen as no all to hitler or KPD
28
Q

what did Hindenburg force bruning to do in 1932 may

A

resign

29
Q

what did the collapse of major bank DANAT lead to

A

unemployment 5 million (fear of financial crisis) - rebirth national opposition in Harzburg front - rally against burning 1931

30
Q

what was the fundamental reason for burnings fall from grace w/ hindenburg

A
  • emergency decree- turn Junker estates in 600,000 allotments )east Prussia)
  • threatened landowners -
  • agrarian bolshevism -
31
Q

agrarian bolshevism - led to what

A

-Von Sleicher’s right wing intriguers convince Hindenburg to to force burning out

32
Q

2 positive points for burning

A
  • succeeded in ending reparation

- sympathised w/ reduction democratic powers in reichstag

33
Q

2 points against bruning

A
  • failed germany in economic crisis

- didn’t realise insecurity in position w/ hindenburg

34
Q

how did Bruning lead to Nazi rise

A
  • brunings continual upholding of law - abuse of A48 + undermining democracy paved way for Nazis to assume power
  • ppl looked to nazis for support in economic chaos
35
Q

who was von papen?

A

politically inept/inexperienced aristocrat nationalist views

36
Q

what did von Papen form as chancellor?

A
37
Q

how did papen get to power why?

A

schleicher recommended him - lack of ability = actions influenced

38
Q

2 concessions hitler demanded to not oppose new gov?

A
  • dissolution reichstag

- end gov ban on SA+SS

39
Q

why was the July 1932 reichstag election so significant?

A
  • street violence + bloodshed - 86 ppl dead

- Papen used excuse to abolish Prussia gov (most powerful regional state gov) + put himself in charge July 1932

40
Q

2 reasons why Papen in charge of Prussia significant?

A
  • -arbitary + unconstituional

- replaced parliament w/ authoritarian preseident

41
Q

key fact - nazis in 1932 votes

A

37% NSDAP largest party

42
Q

key fact - ppl voting democratic

A

only 39.5% 1932

PPL VOTE TO REJECT DEMOCRACY

43
Q

kpd 1933 votes

A

-KPD gain 4.8 million votes – barred from Reichstag 1933(not party banned)

history germany (42 decks)

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