weimar and nazi germany Flashcards
Due to the reintroduction of conscription in 1935, how much did the army expand to.
From 100,000 in 1933 to 1,400,000 in 1939
what did invisible unemployment include
Jews and women were dismissed from their jobs, opponents of the Nazis who were put in concentration camps were not included in the data. And figures also included part-time workers as fully employed.
How much money did Hitler spend on Job creation schemes
37.1 billion
What did the autobahns programme do?
The programme helped more than 125,000 men get involved in their construction, and it enabled Hitler’s troops to move rapidly in the event of a war.
How were women given more power politically
Women over 20 were given the vote and by 1933 10% of women were in the reichstag
How were women given more power economically
They took careers eg one hundred thousand teachers 3k doctors and equal amount of men and women in the civil service
What freedom did women have socially
They went out without men , drank and smoked , cared about fashion had short hair , and makeup.
What were the nazi policy
230 women’s organisations were brought together under one organisation so they could control them, it was called women’s front. The group were expected not to let Jews join, in 1934 Gertrude SchultzKline was appointed national women’s leader of Germany.
The ideals for women under the nazi regime
No make up, blonde , heavy hipped , athletic, flat shoes and full skirt. No smoking, no working, do all household duties, look after kids, cook. And no interest in politics
When was the enabling act and what did it do
23rd March 1933 - The Enabling Act: with the communist deputies banned and the SA intimidating all the remaining non-Nazi deputies, the Reichstag voted by the required two-thirds majority to give Hitler the right to make laws without the Reichstag’s approval for four years.
How did the edelweiss pirates rebel against the Nazis
They listened to forbidden street music and daubed walls with anti Nazi graffiti.
How many members did the Edelweiss Pirates have
By 1939 it had a membership of 2000
How did the swing youth rebel against the Nazis
Boys grew their hair long and girls wore makeup. Middle class group who loved swing music
How did the Protestant church oppose the Nazis
Pastor Martin Niemöller established the Pastors’ Emergency League, which opposed Nazi attempts to control the Protestant Church.
How many members did the Pastors’ emergency league have
7,000 by 1934
When was Niemöller arrested and why
In 1937 after having preached that people must obey God and not man.
How did the Catholic Church oppose the Nazis
In 1937 Pope Pius XI issued a special letter to Catholic Priests attacking the Nazi system. Priests read the letter to their congregation clearly showing they were trying to resist the Nazi attempts to control the church.
What did the Nazis do in response to the letter from Pope Pius XI
Closed catholic groups and prevented catholics from joining the Nazi Party
In the years 1933 to 1939 how many people were sent to concentration camps
1.3 million
How did the Nazis enhance Germanys international standing
The Saar was returned in 1935, the army was built up after 1935, and in 1936 the Rheinland was reoccupied.
How did Hitler control the Army in 1938
In 1938 Hitler removed 16 generals who had criticised his foreign policy aims
When was Gustav Stresemann appointed
August 1923
When was the Rentenmark introduced and what did it do
In November 1923 the Rentenmark replaced the German mark to stabilise the currency and restore confidence
When was the Dawes Plan and what did it do
1924 - reorganised Germanys reparation payments so they were staged to match Germanys capacity to pay.
How was germanys reparations changed due to the Dawes plan
Payments began at 1 billion marks for the first year and increased over a period of 4 years to 2.5 billion marks a year
How did American loans help the German economy
US companies and banks gave loans of nearly $3 billion
When was the Locarno pact and what did it do
In 1929 Germany negotiated a further change to reparations and a timescale was set, with Germany making payments until 1988
How much was the reparation figure reduced due to the young plan
From £6 billion to £1.85 billion
How did the Locarno Pact improve relations
Ended passive resistance in the Ruhr which led to the Locarno Pact of 1925 signed by Germany, Britain, France, Italy and Belgium, by this agreement Germany agreed to keep its existing borders
When did Germany become a member of the League of Nations
It was given a permanent seat in September 1926
How did wages change during the golden years
The real value of wages increased each year after 1924 benefiting German workers. While unemployment fell generally, it remained high in the professions such as lawyers, civil servants and teachers.
How did housing improve during the golden years
Between 1924 and 1931 more than 2 million new homes were built and by 1928 homelessness had been reduced by more than 60 percent
Key features of the 25 point programme
The Union of all Germans to form a Greater Germany, getting rid of the treaty of Versailles. No Jew was to be a citizen of the nation. All newspaper editors and contributors to be German
By 1922 how many members did the Nazi Party have
6000 members riding to 50,000 2 years later
When was the munich putsch and what happened
On 8th November 1923 Hitler and the SA burst into a beerhall, distrpting a political meeting attended by Kahr, Seisser and Lossow. The three leaders were held at gunpoint until they offered their support for there putsch, they were then released.
What happened the day after the Munich putsch
Hitler and Ludendorff with about 3000 supporters marched through Munich hoping to win mass public support. Seisser and Lossow had changed their minds and ordered troops and police to resist them. 16 marchers were killed and Hitler fled.
When was Hitler arrested
On 11 November Hitler was arrested and the Nazi party was banned
What were the consequences of the Munich Putsch
Hitler turned his trial into propaganda success, using it to attack the Weimar Republic. It provided him with nationwide publicity.
The court was sympathetic to Hitler and gave him the minimum sentence for the offence - 5 years
Hitler was imprisoned in Landsberg Prison for only 9 months where he wrote ‘Mein Kampf’ whcih contained his political views
How did the Nazi Party do well in the lean years (1924-1929)
It won 32 seats in the 1924 elections
Mein Kampf provided key ideas for the development of the Nazi Party with its focus on the importance of propaganda and anti-Semitism
Hitler reorganised the party to make it more efficient, with party branches run by Gauletiers
At the 1926 Bamberg party conference Hitler continued to strengthen his position - possible rivals to Hitler were run over or removed
Membership increased to 100,000 members by 1928
