History part one English revolution Flashcards
Who was John Calvin
Calvin was a Frenchman who helped lead a reformation after leaving the Roman Catholic Church
What was Calvin’s view on predestination
Calvin believed in predestination which was the idea that everyone goes to hell other than a few people chosen by God and what one did on earth did not change this decision
What was Calvin’s views on the power of the pope
Like Luther and Zwingli he believed that when Christians wanted to know about God they should turn to the bible and not the pope. He believed people could only experience God if God chose to show himself to them
What were the Roman Catholic beliefs on purgatory
Roman Catholics believed that when Christian’s died they did not go straight to heaven and instead their souls went to a place called purgatory where Christians were punished for the bad things they had done
What were the Roman Catholic beliefs on pilgrimages
Roman Catholics believed that by going on pilgrimages they could help a friend or relative who had died/ was in purgatory
What were Roman Catholic views on indulgences
Roman Catholics brought indulgences in exchange for money, the church said they would shorten the time that the soul of a dead friend or loved one had to spend in purgatory
Who was Martin Luther
Monk at the university of Wittenberg and he was a professor of biblical studies
What was Martin Luther’s belief of indulgences
Luther thought it was wrong to sell indulgences because there was no mention of it in the bible
How did Martin Luther implement his beliefs
In 1517 Luther wrote an essay to castle church giving 95 reasons why he disagreed with church practice (95 theses) however these were quite moderate and not revolutionary
What were the main European divisions
Divisions between North and South - south were Roman Catholic and north were Protestant
Spain fourth Protestant Dutch for 80years and Roman Catholic French for 50 years
Spain fought in every European wars from 1500-1659
Who was one of the architects of absolutism?
Louis XIV of France
Definition of Divine Right of Kings
- The king was appointed by God
- King was answerable only to god
- To criticise the king was close to blasphemy
Industry during Stuart Period
- Previously wool had been England’s main export
- Industrial production was held back by the guild system - main effect was to restrict those making specific goods so as to keep the price of those goods high
- Poor communication and transport - Although some rivers including the Duse, Nene and Thames, were made navigable it still took a long time to get goods to market
Social class (include social heirachy)
Clear, defined and separated
The monarch
The aristocracy
The gentry
Lawyers/ Merchants
Yeoman Farmers
Small holders and tradesmen
Farm workers/ urban labourers
How were women oppressed in society
- Mostly dominated by males
- Legally women were second class-citizens
- Women could not own or inherit land, most marriages amongst the upperclass were arranged
- Women could not vote
How did Charles’ and James’ beliefs of divine right change
Both believed in divine right
Although James believed he had been chosen by God yet he did not challenge the laws of the land of parliament despite believing this
Definition of royal prerogative
In English political theory the King ruled as well as reigned. Royal prerogatives were the wide-ranging rights and powers that the monarch held
What were the royal prerogatives
- To give out titles
- Choose royal council (therefore had legal authority) issue instructions to the JPs
- Conduct foreign policy
- Collect certain taxes - Parliament impose tax
What were the limits to royal power
- ‘Royal proclamations could not overrider common law’
- The ‘subject’ of England had rights in law that the monarch could not overrule
How did the monarch receive revenue
Monarch collected customs duties, profits of justice, rent from crown lands and from the church
What two houses did parliament consist of
House of commons and house of lords
What was the house of lords
Made up of leading noblemen - members of the aristocracy, law lords, leading lawyers and some bishops
- Early 17th century house of lords was more important than house of commons and could block any bills coming to it from the commons
