Weightloss

Question 1

Causes of weight loss in the horse

Answer 1

Malnutrition
Anorexia (pain or dysphagia)
Increased losses
Increased requirements

Question 2

Causes of painful anorexia

Answer 2

Gastric disease (post prandial pain)
Intestinal pain
Adhesion
Visceral pain (pleural/peritoneal disease)
Musculoskeletal pain (laminitis)

Question 3

Why might requirements increase

Answer 3

Pregnancy
Lactation
Sepsis
Neoplasia
Systemic disease

Question 4

Why might losses increase

Answer 4

Protein losing enteropathy/neuropathy
Sequestration to body cavity

Question 5

What can lead to reduced digestion/absorption

Answer 5

Dental disease
Liver disease
Malabsorption syndromes

Question 6

Causes of malabsorption

Answer 6

Parasitic disease (cyathostomiasis)
Idiopathic
Infiltrative bowel disease

Question 7

Causes of dysphagia

Answer 7

Pharyngeal/laryngeal dysfunction (empyema/strangles)
Chronic grass sickness
Toxicity
Botulism

Question 8

List hepatic causes of weightloss

Answer 8

Theiler’s disease
Ragwort poisoning (pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicosis)
Cholangiohepatitis
Cholelithiasis

Question 9

How much liver damage is needed for clinical signs

Answer 9

> 75%

Question 10

Causes of Theiler’s disease

Answer 10

Equine parvovirus
Equine hepacivirus

Question 11

When do clinical signs show after pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicosis

Answer 11

1-12 months

Question 12

Cause of cholangiohepatitis

Answer 12

Ascending bacterial infection (salmonella, klebsiella, e.coli)
Sepsis (spread to liver)

Question 13

Cause of cholelithiasis

Answer 13

Stone formation in biliary ducts
Etiology unknown

Question 14

What is the calculation for RER

Answer 14

21kcal x BW(kg) +975

Question 15

Core therapy for IBD

Answer 15

Prolonged corticosteroid therapy

Question 16

Treatment for proliferative enteropathy

Answer 16

IV oxytetracycline then doxycycline
Or
Macrolide and rifampin

Question 17

Treatment for right dorsal colitis

Answer 17

Withdraw nsaids
Prostaglandin analogues (misoprostal)

Question 18

Supportive care for liver disease

Answer 18

Vitamin E (20IU/kg)
Milk thistle extract (Silymarin 11mg/kg)
Anti-oxidents
S-adenosylmethionine (24mg/kg)
N-acetylcysteine (70-80mg/kg)
Diet
Vitamin B complexes

Question 19

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids treatment

Answer 19

Irreversible damage
Antifibrotic agents
- steroids (dexamethasone or Prednisolone)
- Colchicine

Question 20

Cholangiohepatitis treatments

Answer 20

Broad spectrum antibiotics (gram neg +/- anaerobes)
Options
-potentiated sulphonamides
- fluroquinolones
- cephalosporins
- metronidazole

Question 21

Cholelithiasis treatment

Answer 21

Broad spectrum antibiotics
DMSO to aid dissolution of biliary sludge and bilirubinate stones

Question 22

Cause of proliferative enteropathy

Answer 22

Lawsonia intracellularis

Question 23

Risk factors for proliferative enteropathy

Answer 23

Overcrowding
Feed changes
ATB use
Weaning
Mixing and transportation

Question 24

Lymphocytic-plasmacytic enterocolitis causes

Answer 24

Unknown - precedes intestinal lymphoma

Question 25

What does granulomatous bowel disease cause

Answer 25

Ileal villous atrophy

Question 26

CIBD is an umbrella term for what causes of small intestinal weightloss

Answer 26

Granulomatous enteritis
Eosinophilic enterocolitis
Lymphocytic-plasmacytic enterocolitis

Question 27

Which 3 large strongyles cause large intestinal weightloss

Answer 27

Strongylus valgaris
Strongylus edenatus
Strongylus equinus

Question 28

Age for Lawsonia intracellularis infection

Answer 28

3-8 months