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Year 4 equine > Opthalmology > Flashcards

Opthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the cornea

A

Mucus/tear film
Epithelium
Basement membrane
Stroma
Descements membrane
Endothelium

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2
Q

Where are there no blood vessels in the optic disk

A

Between 5 and 7 o’clock

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3
Q

What does slit Opthalmoscopy allow you to see

A

The contour of the eye/depth perception

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4
Q

What does panoptic Opthalmoscopy allow

A

Fundic visualisation

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5
Q

What can you use to dilate the pupil short and long term

A

Tropicamide (takes 20 mins to work, effects last 4-6 weeks)
Atropine (only in non-painful eye, lasts 2 weeks)

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6
Q

What does low IOP show

A

Leakage

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7
Q

What does high IOP show

A

Glaucoma
Fibrosis/oedema

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8
Q

What can be used for topical anaesthesia of the eye

A

Tetracaine
Proxymetacaine (proparacaine)

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9
Q

Schimer tear normal

A

10mm in a minute

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10
Q

What are common pathologies of the anterior segment

A

Oedema
Bullae
Synechiae
Cataracts
Iris cysts
Tumours

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11
Q

What are common pathologies of the posterior segment of the eye

A

Retinopathies
Vitreal floaters
Retinal detachments

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12
Q

Main diseases of the lens

A

Cataracts congenital/acquired
Luxations

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13
Q

Types of iris disease

A

Cysts
Neoplay

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14
Q

Types of uveitis

A

Secondary
Equine recurrent uveitis

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15
Q

What is the normal IOP

A

14-22mmHg

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16
Q

Routine nerve blocks

A

Auricolopalpebral
Palpebral
Supraorbital

17
Q

Common reflexes

A

Menace
PLR
Dazzle
Palpebral/corneal

18
Q

Clinical presentation of ulcerative keratitis

A

Blepharospasm, ptosis
Conjunctival swelling
Epiphora/discharge

19
Q

Diagnosis of ulcerative keratitis

A

Opthalmic exam
Observation and menace
Fluorescein stain

20
Q

Management of ulcerative keratitis

A

Possible debridement
Antimicrobials
Pain management
Never steroids

21
Q

What is the purpose of a grid/punctate keratotomy

A

Exposes stromal collagen to promote stronger epithelial attachment
Takes longer but is more likely to heal

22
Q

Conjunctivitis treatment

A

Cloxacillin
Neosporin

23
Q

Treatment for mild corneal ulceraction

A

Chloramphenicol
Gentamicin

24
Q

Treatment for severe corneal ulceraction

A

Chloramphenicol
Ciprofloxacin and gentamicin

25
Q

Treatment for melting corneal ulceration

A

Ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin and gentamicin

26
Q

What are appropriate types of pain relief

A

Flunixin meglumine IV
Paracetamol
Opioids
Topical anti inflammatories

27
Q

What drug is used to desensitize the eye short term

A

Tropicamide

Year 4 equine (20 decks)

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