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Year 4 equine > Dermatology (Excluding The Bits Poppy Covered) > Flashcards

Dermatology (Excluding The Bits Poppy Covered) Flashcards

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1
Q

Top differential for lesions of the mane, tail and ventral line

A

Insect bite hypersensitivity

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2
Q

Top differential for tail rubbing/hair looks on tail

A

Oxyuris equi
Insect bite hypersensitivity
Lice infestation

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3
Q

Common conditions presenting as macule/patches (circumscribed flat impalpable colour change areas)

A

Alopecia areata
Vitiligo

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4
Q

Common conditions presenting as papules and plaques (solid circumscribed discoloured firm areas)

A

Bacterial infection
Fungal infections
Some ectoparasites

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5
Q

Common conditions presenting as vesicles (raised fluid-filled well demarcated lesions)

A

EHV-3
Vesicular stomatitis
Pemphigus foliaceus

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6
Q

Common conditions presenting as Pustules

A

Bacterial infections
Insect bites
Fungal infections

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7
Q

Common conditions presenting as wheals (flat topped, oedematous raise lumps with no skin changes)

A

Urticaria
Food allergies
Insect stings

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8
Q

Common conditions presenting as nodules (raised circumscribed solid lumps extending deep into dermis)

A

Papilloma
Sarcoid
Melanoma
Eosinophilic granuloma
Exuberant granulation tissue

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9
Q

Common conditions presenting as neoplasia

A

Melanoma
Sarcoids
Cutaneous lymphoma
Fibromas
Mastocytoma
Histiocytoma

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10
Q

Common conditions presenting as abscesses

A

Trauma
Streptococcal, clostridial (c, pseudotuberculosis) infection

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11
Q

Common conditions presenting as alopecia

A

Self mutilation from pruritis
Healing fungal-bacterial infections

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12
Q

Common conditions presenting as scale

A

Ectoparasites
Pemphigus
Chronic fungal-bacterial infections

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13
Q

Common conditions presenting as crusts

A

Chronic fungal-bacterial infections
Pemphigus
Chronic mites
Systemic lupus

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14
Q

Common conditions presenting as erosions

A

Insect bite hypersensitivity
Drug reaction 2nd to scratching

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15
Q

Common conditions presenting as ulcers

A

Pressure sores
Habronemiasis

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16
Q

Common conditions presenting as lichenification

A

Sarcoidosis
Pemphigus
Systemic lupus

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17
Q

Common conditions presenting as hyper/hypopigmentation

A

Repeated trauma
Healing fungal-bacterial infections

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18
Q

What can swollen frayed hair shafts indicate

A

Dermatophytosis

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19
Q

What test should you send for if suspect of dermatophytosis

A

PCR as faster than culture

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20
Q

What bacteria causes rainscald

A

dermatophilus congolensis

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21
Q

What do you have to be careful of diagnosing rainscald

A

dermatophilus congolensis looks like fungi as shows a railroad pattern on cytology

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22
Q

Importance of allergy tests

A

Don’t currently work

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23
Q

Location of lesions for chorioptes equi

A

Distal limb +++
Groin/abdomen possible

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24
Q

Presentation of chorioptes equi

A

Signalment
-draft breeds
- feathers
- winter
Clinical signs
- rubbing/scratching/stomping distal limbs
-exudate, scabbing, alopecia

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25
Q

Lesion position of trombicula autumnalis

A

Head and leg++

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26
Q

Presentation of trombicula autumnalis

A

Densely feathered but all horses
Biting/stomping at legs
Small papules on pastern/nose

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27
Q

Lesion site if psoroptes equi

A

Head, tail, ears

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28
Q

Presentation of psoroptes equi

A

All horses
Tail rubbing/broken hairs
Scaling of ears
Ear discharge

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29
Q

Dermanyssus gallinae lesions

A

Legs face and abdomen papules/crust

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30
Q

Presentation of Dermanyssus gallinae

A

All horses
Small orange/red mite
Biting/stomping legs
Lesions of papules/crusts

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31
Q

Management/ treatment for chorioptes equi

A

Clip feathers (burn the hair)
Extensive disinfection (should allow stables to rest)
Treat all horses
Treat with Doramectin injection
- 0.25% fipronil spray daily for a week then weekly for 4
- 5% lime sulphur solution weekly for a month

32
Q

Management/treatment of trombicula autumnalis

A

Remove straw
Avoid infected grass/woods
Treat with lime sulphur solution, pyrethrin spray or 0.25% fipronil spray

33
Q

Management/treatment for psoroptes equi

A

Remove all organic debris from stable disinfect and rest (70 days) disinfect tack also.
Treatment
- otitis - oral macrocytic lactones
- lime sulphur solution
-Pyrethrin spray

34
Q

Management/treatment of lice

A

Disinfect stable with 10% bleach. Wash rugs/nummahs at 60 degrees
Poss treat in contacts
Treatment
- permethrin pour on
- 0.25% fipronil spray
- 1% Se sulphide shampoo q10days X3

35
Q

When is oxyuris equi common

A

Young horses never treated with ivermectin

36
Q

When does insect bite hypersensitivity develop

A

3-4 years

37
Q

What breeds are predisposed to insect bite hypersensitivity

A

Icelandic, German shires, welshies, Shetlands, Connemaras

38
Q

Management for insect bite hypersensitivity

A

Inside at dusk till dawn - cover windows with fly mesh
Fly sheets on when out of stables
Keep away from water
Fly repellent

39
Q

How does food allergy present in the horse

A

Type 1 hypersensitivity
Face neck and trunk lesions
Angioedema and urticaria

40
Q

How does contact dermatitis present in the horse

A

Type 4 hypersensitivity
Erythema, oedema, oozing to alopecia/lichenification from tack
Mouth/ventral abdomen from tack

41
Q

Management/treatment of rainscald

A

Wear gloves - can be zoonotic
Most spontaneously regress
Wash tack rugs etc @60 in captain
Avoid sunlight
Keep dry
antiseptic washes of lesions but dry after daily k-permanganate for 5 days
Systemic antibiotics if necessary

42
Q

Predisposition for rainscald

A

Poor nutrition
Poor hygiene (sweat)
High temperature
High humidity
Low immunity

43
Q

Causal agents of dermatophytosis

A

Trichophyton equinum
Mycrosporum gypseum

44
Q

Management/treatment of dermatophytosis

A

Gloves!
Isolate and disinfect
K-monopersulphate to fog premises outbreaks
Chlorhexidine spray daily x7 days
Chlorhexidine and miconazole spray/shampoo 2-3x weekly

45
Q

Most common cause of photosensitisation

A

Type 3 hypersensitivity caused by liver failure

46
Q

What is photosensitisation

A

Abnormal reaction of the skin when exposed to UV radiation

47
Q

What is pemphigus

A

Exfoliative dermatitis due to type 2 hypersensitivity with antibodies directed at dermal cells.
Poorly understood

48
Q

Diagnosis of pemphigus

A

Acantholysis on biopsy

49
Q

Treatment of pemphigus

A

Long term immunosuppressive glucocorticoids
Omega fatty acids
Vitamin E
Sunlight restriction

50
Q

What is onchocerca

A

A microfilaria parasite

51
Q

Treatment of onchocerca

A

Macrocytic lactones

52
Q

How does EHV-3 present

A

Lesions on the vulva, perineum, penis, prepuce and testicles
Oral and lip ulcers
Venereal transmission

53
Q

How do you diagnose alopecia areata

A

Biopsy

54
Q

What is vitiligo

A

Idiopathic depigmentation common around eyes/lips of grey horses which Andalusians/Arabs more predisposed

55
Q

What is urticaria

A

Immunologic reaction to allergens

56
Q

Management of urticaria

A

Identify trigger
Wash skin if a contact reaction
Steroids
Cetirizine
Omega fatty acids

57
Q

Where does pedal/pastern dermatitis affect

A

Caudal aspect of the pasterns

58
Q

What are the primary pathogens involved in pastern/pedal dermatitis

A

Staphylococcus aureus and dermatophilus congolensis

59
Q

What is chronic proliferative lymphedema

A

Elastin dysfunction in lymphatic vessels
Predisposition in shire/Clydesdale/Belgian draft

60
Q

Diagnosis and management of pastern/pedal dermatitis

A

Clip hair and take samples
Clean and dry thoroughly
Avoid bandaging
Treat primary problem
Will be a long term issue

61
Q

Causes of melanomas

A

Gene mutation in STX17g, changes in melanocyte behavior
Disturbance in melanin transfer

62
Q

Types of melanoma

A

Melanocytic nevi (single/multiple discrete nodules)
Dermal melanoma (originate in deep dermis - single/multiple nodules)
Dermal melanomatosis (confluent large melanomas - risk of mets)
Malignant (rare, invasive, likely to reoccur)

63
Q

Most common melanoma location

A

Under tail

64
Q

Diagnosis of melanoma

A

Visual
Ultrasound
FNA

65
Q

Sarcoid features

A

Benign
Non metastatic
Locally aggressive

66
Q

Types of sarcoid

A

Occult
Verrucose
Nodular
Fibroblastic
Mixed
Malignant

67
Q

Occult sarcoid

A

Hairless skin
Mild/stable/superficial
Milks hyperkeratosis

68
Q

Verrucose

A

Rarely aggressive unless injured
Warty looking
Hyperkeratosis with flake/scale

69
Q

Nodular sarcoids

A

Not an issue till injured
0.5-20cm
Firm, spherical subcut nodules
2 types
Confined to subcutaneous
Involvement of overlying skin

70
Q

Fibroblastic sarcoids

A

Ulcerated, fleshy, look aggressive
2 types
Pedunculated with small base palpable under skin
Wide base diffuse/I’ll defined margins

71
Q

Mixed sarcoids

A

Mixture of types

72
Q

Malignant sarcoid

A

Highly invasive, infiltrative of lymphatic vessels
Repeated injury if skin lesion can result

73
Q

Treatment of sarcoids

A

Topical creams
Banding (thin peduncle)
Intralesional chemo (cisplatin)
Laser surgery
Electrochemotherapy
Vaccines
Radiotherapy

74
Q

Cause of sarcoids

A

Bovine papilloma virus in tissue
Potentially fly transmission
Skin trauma giving direct access to BPV to subepidermal fibroblasts leading to abnormal proliferation

75
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Locally invasive - more common in areas with limited hair, mucocutaneous junctions and poorly haired areas
Flies, smegma and UV predisposed

76
Q

Melanoma treatment

A

Vaccination
Intralesional therapy

Year 4 equine (20 decks)

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