weight and health

Question 1

Why shouldn’t you use the term “overweight” or “obese”?

Answer 1

“overweight” implies that there is a normal weight that we are over, “obese” medicalizes our bodies & encourages judging health by appearance

Question 2

Until the mid 1800s, fat was _______ in the west

Answer 2

a good thing

- it implied health, attractiveness, wealth, and status

Question 3

society changed as a result of _____ and changes in _______

Answer 3

industrial revolution

migration

Question 4

once _____ and _____ became fatter, the ______ began to prize thinness

Answer 4

middle class and poor people
(pretty fucked up lol)

Question 5

attitudes about weight reflect attitudes about ____, ____ and ____

Answer 5

class, race and gender

Question 6

the ______ implies that higher body weight is associated with an increased risk of ____, ______ and all causes of mortality

Answer 6

obesity epidemic

cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes

Question 7

the _______ rose between 1980 and the mid-1990s, the average height person in the US gained between 8 to 14 pounds

Answer 7

obesity epidemic

Question 8

causes of the ______ are unknown, and these changes appeared in non-human animals as well

Answer 8

obesity epidemic

Question 9

the _____ states that if fatness causes health problems, then weight loss will improve fat people’s health

Answer 9

weight-loss solution

Question 10

what is wrong with the statement “fatness causes health problems”?

Answer 10

• correlation does not equal causation, yet nearly all research linking weight and health is correlational
• experimental evidence is needed, but you can’t make thin people fat and see if they get fat
• most research doesn’t control for reasonable confounds (third variables such as age, physical fitness, socioeconomic status)

Question 11

people get ____ as we age

Answer 11

“fatter”

Question 12

______, _____ and ______ are all social discriminations of health

Answer 12

rejection, discrimination and stress

Question 13

fat people are 1/2 as likely to get ______ compared to thinner people

Answer 13

dementia

Question 14

fatter people have lower rates of _______ and bone fractures in older age

Answer 14

osteoporosis

Question 15

lowest risk of all-causes mortality is among _____ to _____ people

Answer 15

overweight to mildly obese

Question 16

contradictory evidence to “fatness causes health problems” can be referred to as ______

Answer 16

obesity paradox

Question 17

anyone can lose about __ - __ % of their body weight on any diet plan, however, virtually everyone _____ all of that weight within 3-5 years. Rare exceptions use disordered eating and exercise behaviours

Answer 17

5-10%

Question 18

body weight is highly ____, about __% of variance due to genes

Answer 18

heritable

70%

Question 19

weight loss habits can ____ change your metabolism and eating habits

Answer 19

permanently

Question 20

small health improvements in weight loss experiments were _____ with weight loss

Answer 20

uncorrelated

Question 21

“modern fat phobia” or “______” refers to masking fat-phobia and weight bigotry with “concern” about health

Answer 21

“concern trolling”

Question 22

over ___% of people have at least one body-hating thought per day

Answer 22

90%

Question 23

girls start dieting at as young as age ____ and girls worry about their bodies at age ___

Answer 23

age 7

age 3

Question 24

body hatred is a _______ and the _________ is not working

Answer 24

normative discontent

weight loss solution

Question 25

encouraging eating and exercising for _____ and not for _____ promotes a well-being approach to weight and health

Answer 25

health and not weight loss