psychology of sex and gender

Question 1

what are traditional accounts for determining sex and gender?

Answer 1

"sex is biological"
-dichotomous female vs male
- different anatomy
-DNA: XY or XX
"gender is psychological"
- identity, gender roles
- dichotomous woman vs man

Question 2

true or false?

sex is biological

Answer 2

false, sex is a social construct that is based on physiology

• dna
• anatomy
• hormones

Question 3

define intersex

Answer 3

people with sex characteristic that do not conform to social and medical expectations for “male” and “female”

Question 4

what is social construction?

Answer 4

the idea that anything in between or different from the typical male or typical female should not be changed or fixed to fit either two categories.
- expression of identity and variety of the spectrum

Question 5

true or false? gender is a social construct based on social psychology

Answer 5

true,

• identity, roles, self-presentation
• it is continuous: people fall on a spectrum

Question 6

what is two spirit?

Answer 6

-LGBTQ2
found by native peoples
- historically held in higher regard, seen as sacred
- perform roles traditionally assigned to both men and women
- attempt at self-determination
- many nations came to forbid and punish two spirit people
- in recent years, many people are returning to their two-spirit traditions
- a sacred traditional among people of turtle island

Question 7

define cisgender.

Answer 7

when your anatomy matches your true gender identity

Question 8

what is a gender schema

Answer 8

a shared cognitive structure that organizes our thoughts about gender

Question 9

true or false?

we have a binary schema in western cultures

Answer 9

true

• we have a schema about what it means to be a man and we have a schema for what it means to be a woman
• NOT culturally universal
• the norm before colonization around the world was a non-binary schema

Question 10

what is eagley’s social-role theory ?

Answer 10

that gender schema are based on roles performed within society

• women: care-giving, child-rearing, maintaining social bonds
• men: resource acquisition, protection

Question 11

true or false? men and women don’t adopt the traits required to fulfill their gender schemas

Answer 11

false,

• women: patients, naturance, warmth, helpfulness, communal orientations
• men: dominance, agency, aggression, independence

Question 12

true or false? men and women don’t adopt the traits required to fulfill their gender schemas

Answer 12

false, men and women will adopt the traits required to fulfil their social roles.

• women: patients, nurturing, warmth, helpfulness, communal orientations
• men: dominance, agency, aggression, independence

Question 13

define stereotypes

Answer 13

generalized beliefs about a group of people

- stereotypes typically associate science with men more than women