aggression and violence - oct 31

Question 1

_____ is behaviour intended to harm someone physically or psychologically

Answer 1

aggression

• can be aggressive without being angry
• intended, purposeful
• aimed to hurt

Question 2

a psychologist might describe a pushy salesperson might as…..

Answer 2

• assertive, annoying, etc..

- not aggressive

Question 3

what is instrumental aggression?

Answer 3

inflicting harm to gain something valuable

Question 4

what is emotional aggression?

Answer 4

inflicting harm for its own sake; impulsive

Question 5

what is indirect aggression?

Answer 5

inflicting harm without face-to-face conflict

- ex: vicious gossip, internet trolling

Question 6

what is direct aggression?

Answer 6

behaviour aimed to hurt face-to-face

Question 7

gender differences in aggression

Answer 7

• boys/men are more directly aggressive - verbal and physical (fighting, yelling)
• girls/women are more indirectly aggressive - verbal
  (relational aggression: intended to damage relationships, ex: social exclusion, gossip, spreading rumours)

Question 8

aggressions can be ____, organisms who successfully aggress gain resources.

Answer 8

adaptive

- this is necessary for reproduction for some species

Question 9

what is pre-emptive aggression

Answer 9

perceiving that somebody else might aggress against you, so you aggress against them first to prevent them

Question 10

the ____ hormone is positively correlated with aggression

Answer 10

testosterone

Question 11

positive reinforcement

Answer 11

aggression produces desired outcome

Question 12

negative reinforcement

Answer 12

aggression prevents or stops undesirable outcomes

Question 13

what is the social learning theory?

Answer 13

much more often, we learn from observing others

• we can learn without having to go through a trial-and-error process
• shortcuts a lot of hardship in learning

Question 14

by watching aggressive models, people….

Answer 14

• learn specific aggressive behaviours
• develop more positive attitudes and beliefs about aggression in general
• construct aggressive “scripts”
• see the world as an aggressive place
• interpret unintentional behaviours as intentional
• ## react to a wide range of situations with aggression

Question 15

weapons effect

Answer 15

presence of weapons increases aggressive thoughts, feelings &actions

Question 16

media is saturated with ____

Answer 16

violence

Question 17

violent crimes in reality-based police shows are extremely ______ compared to real life violent crimes

Answer 17

exaggerated

• 13% of real violent crime
• 87& of violent crimes on police shows

Question 18

how does media violence affect behaviour?

Answer 18

• weakens inhibitions against violent behaviour by creating norms of violence
• desensitizes individuals to violence
• … check lecture notes

Question 19

microaggressions

Answer 19

brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioural, or environmental indignities, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative racial slights and insults toward people of colour

Question 20

______ are brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioural, or environmental indignities, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative racial slights and insults toward people of colour
examples:
- correcting someone’s accent when pronouncing english words
-where are you from?
- you’re the prettiest overweight girl I know
- telling women their clothing is too revealing
- being surprised at beautiful trans women

Answer 20

microaggressions

Question 21

micro-aggressions are often _____, but still very harmful

often expressions of _____ and ______

“____” prejudice

Answer 21

unintentional

scripts and stereotypes

modern