chapter 9

Question 1

______ is defined as physical or verbal behaviour intended to cause harm

Answer 1

aggression

Question 2

the fact that frustration can lead to irritation instead of aggression in certain cases, and frustration increases aggressiveness, are results of the __________ theory.

Answer 2

frustration-aggression

Question 3

true or false?

If our social environment is aggressive, then that aggression will be transmitted to new generations.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

frustration-______ theory states that when we get frustrated it likely leads to ________.

Answer 4

aggression

aggression

Question 5

_______ cues are often the release of pent-up anger, and the sight of a weapon is such a cue.

Answer 5

aggression

Question 6

When children are exposed to the Bobo doll after they have observed an adult hit it with a mallet, they also hit it with a mallet. This is describing which experiment?

Answer 6

Bandura’s observational learning experiment

Question 7

_______ often triggers a readiness to aggress, which is the basis of the first psychological theories of aggression

Answer 7

frustration

Question 8

serial killers, child sexual abusers, and rapists all have been shown to have more ________ usage/exposure

Answer 8

pornography

Question 9

_________ is a hormone that may have an influence on aggression

Answer 9

testosterone

Question 10

________ occurs when we displace our hostilities onto someone or something else that is a safer target.

Answer 10

displacement

Question 11

biochemical influences may include ______ as an influence to aggressive behaviours.

Answer 11

alcohol

Question 12

when children have parents that use (physical/emotional) _________ aggression as a form of discipline, children often use the same type of behaviour in their interactions with others.

Answer 12

physical

Question 13

when we find ourselves in a new situation and are unsure what to do, we often use ________ to help us know how to act

Answer 13

social scripts

Question 14

Some psychologists recommend encouraging children to release emotional tension through aggressive play. This is an example of ______.

Answer 14

catharsis

Question 15

reduction in self-awareness, focus on provocation, and the association of _____ with aggression can all be potentially brought out by _______

Answer 15

alcohol

drinking alcohol

Question 16

As ______ has become widely available, there os evidence from correlational studies that it has contributed to aggression toward women

Answer 16

pornography

Question 17

______ learning theory states that we learn aggression from observing others.

Answer 17

Social

Question 18

A large debate among philosophers is that human nature is oriented such that we behave like noble ______ or brutes

Answer 18

savages

Question 19

true or false?

pornography increases the acceptance of rape and rape-like violence

Answer 19

true

Question 20

aggression is learned, therefore, there is hope that it can be _____.

Answer 20

unlearned

Question 21

repeating an emotion-arousing stimulus such as aggression or violence over and over again can result in _______, or numb emotional response to the stimulus.

Answer 21

desensitization

Question 22

research has shown that Canadian and American spectators of football, wrestling, and hockey matches exhibited _____ hostility after viewing the event than before.

Answer 22

more

Question 23

Heavy TV watching of four or more hours a day creates ______ perceptions of the world around us.

Answer 23

altered

Question 24

When a lady comes home and is frustrated with her boss, yet she takes it out on her children, she has just provided an example of _______.

Answer 24

displacement

Question 25

when violent activities occur in a group, the reaction is to lose individual ______ and act as the group is acting

Answer 25

responsibility

Question 26

If modelling and imitation through watching television is so prevalent with aggressive behaviours, the viewing of _______ behaviours (behaviours that are positive and helpful) is likely to be beneficial in

Answer 26

prosocial

Question 27

_____ aggression springs from angel, and the goal is to injure, whereas ______ aggression aims to injure, but also as a means to some other end

Answer 27

hostile

instrumental