chapter 2 Flashcards
Melody gets anxious when she is out in public because she fears of being ridiculed for her appearance, what might Melody be experience?
The Spotlight Effect
- the belief that others are paying more attention to our appearance than they actually
Anjelena is upset that her best friend forgot her birthday, but avoids displaying her emotions. However, she feels like her best friend is noticing she her sadness, even though she hasn’t said anything either. What is Anjelena experiencing?
Illusion of transparency
- the illusion that our concealed emotions leak out and are easily read by others
which 4 component make up the self?
- self concept: who am I?
- self esteem: my sense of self-worth
- self knowledge: How can I explain and predict myself?
- social self: my social role/identity (ex: daughter, student, friend)
what are self-schemas?
beliefs about the self that organize and guide the process ing of self-relevant information
what are schemas?
mental templates by which we organize our worlds
Alexis is an athlete and tends to notice others’ bodies and skills. She is also able to quickly recall sports-related experiences. What does this mean for Alexis?
that athletics is central to her self-concept
true or false?
the self-schemas that makeup our self-concepts help us organize and retrieve our experiences
true
Becky is unsure if she is smart enough, so she starts comparing her grades to the rest of her class. What is becky Demonstrating?
social comparison
what is the looking-glass self?
how sociologist Charles H. Cooley described our use of how we think others perceive us as a mirror for perceiving ourselves.
t or f?
people generally feel freer to criticize than to praise
false
- people actually feel freer to praise than to criticize; they voice their compliments and restrain their insults
t or f?
people tend to see themselves as more physically attractive than they actually are
true
Define individualism.
the concept of giving priority to one’s goals over group goals and defining one’s identity of personal attributes rather than group identifications.
- more common in western cultures
what is the independent self?
construing one’s identity as an autonomous self
define collectivism.
giving priority to the goals of one’s group (often one’s extended family or work group) and defining one’s identity accordingly
- more common in asian, african, and central and south american cultures
what is the interdependent self?
construing one’s identity in relation to others
true or false?
Parents are more likely to give their children common names, to avoid school bullying.
false.
Parents are now less likely to give their children common names and more likely to help them stand out with an unusual name
when asked about language, which culture of students explained that it allows self-expression?
the American Students
- Korean students focused on how language allows communication with others
true or false?
American students are more likely to see their choices as expressions of themselves and to evaluate their choices more favourably
true.
true or false?
for american students, happiness comes with positive social engagement - with feeling close, friendly and respectful.
False.
This is actually said about Japanese students.
- for American students, happiness more often comes with disengaged emotions - feeling effective, superior, and proud
true or false?
Conflict in collectivist cultures often takes place between groups
true
- individualist cultures breed more conflict (and crime and divorce) between individuals
