chapter 8

Question 1

motivating people to confess, apologize, help, and avoid repeated harm can _____ sensitivity and sustain close relationships

Answer 1

boost

Question 2

having neighbours keep an eye on your house while you’re on vacation is an example of ________.

Answer 2

social capital

Question 3

____ boosts self-worth and explains why so many people feel good after doing good.

Answer 3

Helping

Question 4

when supermarket and bookstore shoppers witnessed a shoplifting, who was more likely to report the incident?

Answer 4

• shoppers who heard a bystander interpret the incident (ex:”she’s stealing”)
• shoppers who heard a bystander assume responsibility (ex:”we should report this”)

Question 5

Rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe, leaders of the antislavery movement, and medical missionaries share at least one common trait, which is _________.

Answer 5

moral inclusion

Question 6

in one experiment, most rhesus monkeys refused to operate a device that gained them food if it would cause another monkey to receive an electric shock. The monkeys who refused to operate the device were displaying ______.

Answer 6

empathy

Question 7

As the number of bystanders increases, a bystander is ________ to notice the incident, interpret the incident as a problem or an emergency, and to assume responsibility for taking action.

Answer 7

less likely

Question 8

according to research, happy people are ____ people.

Answer 8

helpful

Question 9

The reason that we tend to help our family first, then neighbours, then others is summarized in the _____ norm

Answer 9

kinship

Question 10

When we feel securely attached to another, or we vicariously experience the feelings of others, and put oneself in another’s shoes, we are experiencing ______ for the other

Answer 10

empathy

Question 11

Males are more likely to help females than females are likely to help females, which may be explained by ______ and ______

Answer 11

altruism and mating behaviour

Question 12

___ selection is the idea of selective altruism toward one’s close relatives in order to enhance the survival of mutually shared genes

Answer 12

Kin

Question 13

Cialdini found that it was ______ to emphasize people’s honesty, cleanliness, and abstinence, rather than tax cheating, littering, and teenage drinking

Answer 13

more effective

Question 14

The ______ norm is an understanding that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them.

Answer 14

reciprocity

Question 15

In social-exchange theory we seek to ______ and ______

Answer 15

minimize costs and maximize reward

Question 16

_______ is to helping behaviours that will increase one’s own welfare, whereas _____ is to helping behaviours that increases another’s welfare

Answer 16

egoism

altruism

Question 17

we are _____ likely to help someone similar to us, than someone who is different.

Answer 17

more

Question 18

_______ capital is the support, trust, and cooperative actions that keep a community healthy

Answer 18

social