WEEK 9 RESPI Flashcards
Inflammation of the nasal cavity
Seasonal rhinitis
Called hay fever
Seasonal rhinitis
Viruses invade the tissues of upper respiratory tract
Common cold
Common cold.
Release of ____ and _____ causing an inflammatory response
Histamine
Prostaglandin
Chemical released during inflammation that increases secretions and narrow airways
Histamines
Extravascular smooth muscle and lining the nasal activity are constricted
H1 receptor
Increase in gastric secretions (peptic ulcer)
H2 receptor
Relief of nausea and vomiting ( motion sickness)
Meclizine
Bronchodilators and antiasthmatics
Xantines
Sympatomimetics
Anticholinergics
Reversible bronchospasm, inflammation and hyperactive airways
Asthma
Triggered by allergens or nonallergic inhaled irritants or by factors such as exercise and emotions
Hyperactivity
Life-threatening bronchospasm that do not respond to usual treatment
Status asthmaticus
Direct effect on the smooth muscle of the respiratory tract ( bronchi and blood vessels)
Xanthines
Affecting the mobilization of calcium within the cells, stimulating prostaglandins results is smooth muscle relaxation
Xanthines
Inhibit the release of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis and histamines
Xanthines
Mimic the effect of sns
Sympathomimetic
Dilation of the bronchi with increased rate and depth of respiration
Sympathomimetic
Beta2 adrenergic agonist to receptors
Action is more selective (activates only the b2 receptors)
Albuterol sulfate (proventil)
Patients who cannot tolerate the sympathetic effects of sympathomimetics might respond to the anticholinergic drugs (ipratropium:atrovent) and (tiotropium:spiriva)
Anticholinergics
Used as bronchodilators because of their efrect on the vagus nerve, which sis to block or antagonize the action of the acetylcholine
Anticholinergic
Anticholinergic nursing implementation
Oral drug with food or milk
Use it 30 to 60 mins before exercising
Not to exceed 12 inhalations in 24 hours
Selectively and competitively block zafirlukast and montelukast or antagonize zileutom receptors for the production of luekitrienes d4 and e4
Leukotriene receptor antagonist
Drugs block many of the signs and symptoms of asthma
- Neutrophil & eosinophil migration
- Neutrophil & monocyte aggregation
- Leukocyte adhesion
- Increased capillary permeability
- Smooth muscle contraction
Occurs when the epithelial lining of the sinus cavities becomes inflamed
Sinusitis
Sinusitis symptoms
Tenderness around the cheek, eyes, or forehead
38 degree c
Decrease the overproduction of secretions by causing local vasoconstrictions to the upper tract
Decongestants
Leads to a shrinking of swollen mucous membranes and tends to open clogged nasal passages, producing relief from the discomfort of a blocked nose and promoting drainage of secretions and improved airflow
Vasoconstriction
Decongestants classifications
- Topical nasal decongestions
- Oral decongestions
- Topical steroid nasal decongestions
Decongestion should not be used frequently or prolonged use due to rebound vasodilation called
Rhinitis medicamentosa
Permanent, chronic obstruction of the airways, often related to cigarette smoking
COPD
Permanent inflammation of the airways with mucus secretion, edema and post inflammatory defenses
Chronic bronchitis
Characterized by loss of elastic tissue of the lungs destruction of alveolar walls, and resultant alveolar hyperinflation with a tendency to collapse with expiration
Emphysema
Drugs that liquefy the lower respiratory tract secretions
Expectorants
Use for the symptomatic relief of respiratory conditions characterized by a dry, non productive cough
Expectorants
Work to break down mucus to aid high-risk respiratory patients coughing up thick, tenacious secretions
Mucolytics
Drugs that suppress the cough reflex
Antitussives
Medical interventions for copd
Corticosteroids
Handheld devices that deliver medication to the lower respiratory tract
Metered dose inhalers
Devices used to enhance the delivery of medications from MDI
Spacers
Device that change liquid meds to a fine mist or aerosol that has the ability to reach lower smaller airways
Nebulizer
Causes obstruction at the alveolar level
Respiratory distress syndrome
Necessary for lowering the surface tension in the alveolar level
Surfactant
Characterized by progressive loss of lung compliance and increasing hypoxia
ARDS
Naturally occurring compounds or lipoproteins containing lipids and apoproteins that reduce the surface tension within alveoli, allowing expansion of the alveoli gas exchange
Lung surfactants
Tried in the treatment of adult RDS and with adults after near drowning
Surfactants
Lung surfactants
Ensure placement of the endotracheal tube with_______ and_______ to provide adequate delivery of the drug
bilateral chest movement
lung sounds
