WEEK 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Is the treatment of cancer by means of chemicals that kill cancer cells. These “anti-cancer” drugs destroy cancer cells by stopping their growth and reproduction.

A

CHEMOTHERAPY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  • Also referred to as antineoplastic agents, are used to directly or indirectly inhibit the proliferation of rapidly growing cells, typically in the context of malignancy.
A

CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

developed the concept of chemotherapy to treat microbial diseases;

A

Paul Ehrlich

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

came into prominence in the late 1930s.

A

Sulfa drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

discovered the first antibiotic,

A

Alexander Fleming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

first antibiotic

A

penicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS

A

Alkylating agents
Antimetabolites
Topoisomerase inhibitors
Mitotic inhibitor
Antitumor antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

keep the cell from reproducing (making copies of itself) by damaging its DNA. These drugs work in all phases of the cell cycle and are used to treat many different cancers, including cancers of the lung, breast, and ovary as well as leukemia, lymphoma, Hodgkin disease, multiple myeloma, and sarcoma.

A

Alkylating agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

interfere with DNA and RNA by acting as a substitute for the normal building blocks of RNA and DNA. When this happens, the DNA cannot make copies of itself, and a cell cannot reproduce. They are commonly used to treat leukemias, cancers of the breast, ovary, and the intestinal tract, as well as other types of cancer.

A

Antimetabolites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

They interfere with enzymes called topoisomerases, which help separate the strands of DNA so they can be copied. (Enzymes are proteins that cause chemical reactions in living cells.)

A

Topoisomerase inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  • (also called camptothecins)
A

Topoisomerase I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  • (also called epipodophyllotoxins)
A

Topoisomerase II inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

can increase the risk of a second cancer.

A

Topoisomerase II inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

They are compounds derived from natural products, such as plants. They work by stopping cells from dividing to form new cells, but can damage cells in all phases by keeping enzymes from making proteins needed for cell reproduction.

A

Mitotic inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

These drugs are not like the antibiotics used to treat infections. They work by changing the DNA inside cancer cells to keep them from growing and multiplying.

A

Antitumor antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Is the discovery of a new and potent class of antibacterial active chemotherapeutic agent. Some antibiotics are prepared synthetically, but most of them are prepared commercially by microbial biosynthesis. To be useful as a chemotherapeutic agent a substance must have selective toxicity for the parasite, which means a low toxicity for host cells and high toxicity for the parasite

A

ANTIBIOTIC

17
Q

two or more drugs are given

A

combination chemotherapy

18
Q

Chemotherapy commonly used in combination with

A

surgery, radiotherapy and biological treatment

19
Q

Shrink a tumor before radiotherapy or surgery.

A

neo-adjuvant therapy.

20
Q

Destroy any remaining cancer cells after surgery or radiotherapy.

A

adjuvant therapy.

21
Q

Chemotherapy can also be given intravenously by means of

A

catheters, ports and pumps.

22
Q

are potentially hazardous to personnel and may have teratogenic and/or carcinogenic effects.

A

Antineoplastic drugs

23
Q

Safety guidelines have been issued by

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

24
Q

If the drug gets in your eyes

A

flush with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes while holding back your eyelids.

25
Q

Antibiotics that kill bacteria are called

A

“bactericidal”

26
Q

Antibiotics that stop the growth of bacteria are called

A

“bacteriostatic”

27
Q

Antibiotics are classified as:

A

a. The producing microorganisms
b. Activity spectrum
c. Metabolic pathways biosynthesis
d. Chemical structure.

28
Q

In preparations of medicines antibiotics are subdivided into the following seven groups.

A

Penicillins
Broad-Spectrum antibiotics
Streptomycin group
Reverse antibiotics
Antifungal
Antituberculosis
Antineoplastic

29
Q

Any of several antibiotics of low toxicity, produced naturally by molds of the genus

A

Penicillin

30
Q

used in the treatment of severe infections of the abdomen and urinary tract, as well as bacteremia and endocarditis

A

Aminoglycoside

31
Q

Used to treat infections caused by Gram-positi ve bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae ) and limited Gram-negati ve bacteria (Bordetella pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae), and some respiratory tract and soft-tissue infections

A

Macrolide

32
Q

is used to treat a wide variety of infections, including acne. It is an antibiotic that works by stopping the growth of bacteria.

This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu).

A

Tetracycline

33
Q

Is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections.

This includes use as an eye ointment to treat conjunctivitis By mouth or by injection into a vein, it is used to treat meningitis, plague, cholera, and typhoid fever.

A

Chloramphenicol

34
Q

Are naturally synthesized structures built from amino acids into chains.

A

Peptide

35
Q

known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete’s foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis

A

Antifungal

36
Q

Types of Immunologic agents

A

● Immune globulins
● Immunostimulants
● Immunosuppressive agents