WEEK 14

Question 1

Is the treatment of cancer by means of chemicals that kill cancer cells. These “anti-cancer” drugs destroy cancer cells by stopping their growth and reproduction.

Answer 1

CHEMOTHERAPY

Question 2

• Also referred to as antineoplastic agents, are used to directly or indirectly inhibit the proliferation of rapidly growing cells, typically in the context of malignancy.

Answer 2

CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS

Question 3

developed the concept of chemotherapy to treat microbial diseases;

Answer 3

Paul Ehrlich

Question 4

came into prominence in the late 1930s.

Answer 4

Sulfa drugs

Question 5

discovered the first antibiotic,

Answer 5

Alexander Fleming

Question 6

first antibiotic

Answer 6

penicillin

Question 7

CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS

Answer 7

Alkylating agents
Antimetabolites
Topoisomerase inhibitors
Mitotic inhibitor
Antitumor antibiotics

Question 8

keep the cell from reproducing (making copies of itself) by damaging its DNA. These drugs work in all phases of the cell cycle and are used to treat many different cancers, including cancers of the lung, breast, and ovary as well as leukemia, lymphoma, Hodgkin disease, multiple myeloma, and sarcoma.

Answer 8

Alkylating agents

Question 9

interfere with DNA and RNA by acting as a substitute for the normal building blocks of RNA and DNA. When this happens, the DNA cannot make copies of itself, and a cell cannot reproduce. They are commonly used to treat leukemias, cancers of the breast, ovary, and the intestinal tract, as well as other types of cancer.

Answer 9

Antimetabolites

Question 10

They interfere with enzymes called topoisomerases, which help separate the strands of DNA so they can be copied. (Enzymes are proteins that cause chemical reactions in living cells.)

Answer 10

Topoisomerase inhibitors

Question 11

• (also called camptothecins)

Answer 11

Topoisomerase I

Question 12

• (also called epipodophyllotoxins)

Answer 12

Topoisomerase II inhibitors

Question 13

can increase the risk of a second cancer.

Answer 13

Topoisomerase II inhibitors

Question 14

They are compounds derived from natural products, such as plants. They work by stopping cells from dividing to form new cells, but can damage cells in all phases by keeping enzymes from making proteins needed for cell reproduction.

Answer 14

Mitotic inhibitor

Question 15

These drugs are not like the antibiotics used to treat infections. They work by changing the DNA inside cancer cells to keep them from growing and multiplying.

Answer 15

Antitumor antibiotics

Question 16

Is the discovery of a new and potent class of antibacterial active chemotherapeutic agent. Some antibiotics are prepared synthetically, but most of them are prepared commercially by microbial biosynthesis. To be useful as a chemotherapeutic agent a substance must have selective toxicity for the parasite, which means a low toxicity for host cells and high toxicity for the parasite

Answer 16

ANTIBIOTIC

Question 17

two or more drugs are given

Answer 17

combination chemotherapy

Question 18

Chemotherapy commonly used in combination with

Answer 18

surgery, radiotherapy and biological treatment

Question 19

Shrink a tumor before radiotherapy or surgery.

Answer 19

neo-adjuvant therapy.

Question 20

Destroy any remaining cancer cells after surgery or radiotherapy.

Answer 20

adjuvant therapy.

Question 21

Chemotherapy can also be given intravenously by means of

Answer 21

catheters, ports and pumps.

Question 22

are potentially hazardous to personnel and may have teratogenic and/or carcinogenic effects.

Answer 22

Antineoplastic drugs

Question 23

Safety guidelines have been issued by

Answer 23

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

Question 24

If the drug gets in your eyes

Answer 24

flush with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes while holding back your eyelids.

Question 25

Antibiotics that kill bacteria are called

Answer 25

“bactericidal”

Question 26

Antibiotics that stop the growth of bacteria are called

Answer 26

“bacteriostatic”

Question 27

Antibiotics are classified as:

Answer 27

a. The producing microorganisms
b. Activity spectrum
c. Metabolic pathways biosynthesis
d. Chemical structure.

Question 28

In preparations of medicines antibiotics are subdivided into the following seven groups.

Answer 28

Penicillins
Broad-Spectrum antibiotics
Streptomycin group
Reverse antibiotics
Antifungal
Antituberculosis
Antineoplastic

Question 29

Any of several antibiotics of low toxicity, produced naturally by molds of the genus

Answer 29

Penicillin

Question 30

used in the treatment of severe infections of the abdomen and urinary tract, as well as bacteremia and endocarditis

Answer 30

Aminoglycoside

Question 31

Used to treat infections caused by Gram-positi ve bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae ) and limited Gram-negati ve bacteria (Bordetella pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae), and some respiratory tract and soft-tissue infections

Answer 31

Macrolide

Question 32

is used to treat a wide variety of infections, including acne. It is an antibiotic that works by stopping the growth of bacteria.

This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu).

Answer 32

Tetracycline

Question 33

Is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections.

This includes use as an eye ointment to treat conjunctivitis By mouth or by injection into a vein, it is used to treat meningitis, plague, cholera, and typhoid fever.

Answer 33

Chloramphenicol

Question 34

Are naturally synthesized structures built from amino acids into chains.

Answer 34

Peptide

Question 35

known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete’s foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis

Answer 35

Antifungal

Question 36

Types of Immunologic agents

Answer 36

● Immune globulins
● Immunostimulants
● Immunosuppressive agents