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PHARMACOLOGY > WEEK 10 > Flashcards

WEEK 10 Flashcards

1
Q

DRUGS AFFECTING GASTROINTESTINAL SECRETIONS:

A
  1. H2 Receptor Antagonist
  2. Proton Pump Inhibitor
  3. Antacids
  4. Pancreatic enzyme
  5. Prostaglandin
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2
Q

Erosions in the lining of the stomach and adjacent areas of the GI tract.

A

PEPTIC ULCER

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3
Q

present with a predictable description of gnawing, burning pain often occurring a few hours after meals.

A

Ulcer

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4
Q

• H2 antagonists selectively block H2 receptors located on the_______ cells.

A

parietal

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5
Q

Blocking these receptors prevents the release of____________, a hormone that causes local release of histamine (due to stimulation of histamine receptors), ultimately blocking the production of________________. also decreases pepsin production by the chief cells.

A

gastrin

hydrochloric acid

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6
Q

H2 receptor sites are also found in the____________, and high levels of these drugs can produce cardiac arrhythmias

A

heart

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7
Q

(reduction in the overall acid level can promote healing and decrease discomfort).

A

Short-term treatment of active duodenal ulcer or benign gastric ulcer

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8
Q

(blocking the overproduction of hydrochloric acid that is associated with these conditions).

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome treatment

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9
Q

(decreasing the acid being regurgitated into the esophagus will promote healing and decrease pain).

A

Treatment of erosive gastrosophageal reflux

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10
Q

group of inorganic chemicals that neutralize stomach acid.

A

ANTACIDS

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11
Q

Symptomatic relief of an upset stomach associated with hyperacidity, as well as the hyperacidity associated with peptic ulcer, gastritis, peptic esophagitis, gastric hyperacidity, and hiatal hernia.

• advised to separate them from any other medications by 1 to 2 hours

A

ANTACIDS

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12
Q

occurs when stomach ac frequently flows back into the tube connecting the mouth and the stomach (esophagus).

A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

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13
Q

mild acid reflux that occurs at least twice a week, or moderate to severe acid reflux that occurs at least once a week.

A

GERD

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14
Q

burning sensation in the chest (heartburn), usually after eating, which might be worse at night; chest pain; difficulty swallowing: regurgitation of food or sour liquid; and a sensation of a lump in your throat

A

GERD

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15
Q

suppress gastric acid secretion by specifically inhibiting the hydrogen-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (H,K ATPase) enzyme system on the secretory surface of the gastric parietal cells

A

PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS

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16
Q

blocks the final step of acid production, lowering the acid levels in the stomach

A

PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS

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17
Q

active duodenal ulcers, GERD, erosive esophagitis, and benign active gastric ulcer

A

short-term treatment:

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18
Q

pathological hypersecretory conditions

A

long-term treatment:

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19
Q

healing of erosive esophagitis and ulcers combination with amoxicillin and clozhromycin for the treatment of H. pylori

A

maintenance therapy:

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20
Q

coat any injured area in the stomach to prevent further injury from acid

A

GI PROTECTANT

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21
Q

forms an ulcer-adherent complex at duodenal ulcer sites, protecting the sites against acid, pepsin, and bile salts

• prevents further breakdown of the area and promotes ulcer healing.

A

GI PROTECTANT

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22
Q

is the only Gl protectant currently available

A

Sucralfate (Carafate)

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23
Q

used to protect the stomach lining

A

PROSTAGLANDIN

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24
Q

inhibits gastric acid secretion and increases bicarbonate and mucous production in the stomach, thus protecting the stomach lining

A

PROSTAGLANDIN

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25
Q

• primarily used to prevent NSAID-induced gastric ulcers in patients who are at high risk for complications from a gastric ulcer

A

PROSTAGLANDIN

26
Q

substances produced in the GI tract to break down foods into usable nutrients.

A

• DIGESTIVE ENZYMES:

27
Q

contains electrolytes and carboxymethylcellulose to act as a thickening agent in dry mouth conditions

A

Saliva substitute

28
Q

replacement enzymes that help the digestion and absorption of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates

A

Pancreatic enzymes:

29
Q

because it may be impaired due to the underlying medical conditions or decrease in lubricating effects related to low saliva levels, and additional therapy may be needed

A

Monitor swallowing

30
Q

Administer________________________ with meals and snacks so that enzyme is available when it is needed.

A

pancreatic enzymes

31
Q

DRUGS AFFECTING GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY

A
  1. Laxatives
  2. Gastrointestinal stimulants
  3. Antidiarrheals
  4. Irritable bowel syndrome drugs
32
Q

indicated for the short-term relief of constipation

• to prevent straining when it is clinically undesirable (such as after surgery, myocardialbinfarction, or obstetrical delivery);

A

Laxative,or cathartic drugs:

33
Q

remove ingested poisons from the lower Gl tract

A

Laxative,or cathartic drugs:

34
Q

directly stimulate the nerve plexus in the intestinal wall, causing increased movement and the stimulation of local reflexes

A

Chemical Stimulants:

35
Q

is used when a thorough evacuation of the intestine is desirable

A

Castor oil, an old standby,

36
Q

acts in a similar manner but is somewhat milder in effect

A

Bisacodyl

37
Q

is somewhat milder than castor oil and is often used when effects are needed overnight.

A

Cascara

38
Q

is available orally in tablet and syrup form and as a rectal suppository.

A

Senna

39
Q

also called mechanical stimulants

A

Bulk Stimulants

40
Q

rapid-acting, aggressive laxatives that cause the fecal matter to increase in bulk. increase the motility of the Gl tract by increasing the fluid in the intestinal contents, which enlarges bulk, stimulates local stretch receptors, and activates local activity.

A

Bulk Stimulants

41
Q

is desirable to make defecation easier without stimulating the movement of the GI tract.

A

Lubricants:

42
Q

Administer a laxative only as a temporary measure to prevent the development of______________

A

cathartic dependence.

43
Q

block stimulation of the Gl tract for symptomatic relief from diarrhea.

A

ANTIDIARRHEALS

44
Q

slow the motility of the Gl tract

A

ANTIDIARRHEALS

45
Q

through direct action on the lining of the GI tract to inhibit local reflexes

A

(bismuth subsalicylate)

46
Q

through direct action on the muscles of the Gl tract to slow activity

A

loperamide

47
Q

through action on CNS centers that cause GI spasm and slowing

A

opium derivatives)

48
Q

Drugs used in managing nausea and vomiting

A

antiemetics

49
Q

locally antimetics

A

, to decrease the local response to stimuli that are being sent to the medulla to induce vomiting

50
Q

centrally antimetics

A

, to block the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) or suppress the vomiting center directly.

51
Q

ANTIEMETIC AGENTS

A

• Phenothiazines
• Non - phenothiazine
• Anticholinergics
• Antihistamines
• 5-HT3 Receptor Blockers

52
Q

centrally acting antiemetics that change the responsiveness or stimulation of the CTZ (chemoreceptor trigger zone) in the medulla

A

PHENOTHIAZINES:

53
Q

recommended for the treatment of nausea and vomiting, including that specifically associated with anesthesia; severe vomiting; and intractable hiccoughs, which occur with repetitive stimulation of the diaphragm and lead to persistent diaphragm spasm

A

PHENOTHIAZINES:

54
Q

only nonphenothiazine currently available for use as an antiemetic is

A

metoclopramide (Reglan)

55
Q

• acts to reduce the responsiveness of the nerve cells in the CTZ to circulating chemicals that induce vomiting.

A

NON - PHENOTHIAZINE

56
Q

used to prevent or treat nausea and vomiting

A

ANTICHOLINERGICS/ANTIHISTAMINES

57
Q

recommended for the nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness or vestibular (inner ear) problems.

A

ANTICHOLINERGICS/ANTIHISTAMINES

58
Q

is used for nausea and vomiting before or after obstetrical delivery or gery.

A

Hydroxyzine

59
Q

block those receptors associated with nausea and vomiting in the CTZ and locally.

A

5-HT3 Receptor Blockers

60
Q

block those receptors associated with nausea and vomiting in the CTZ and locally.

A

5-HT3 Receptor Blockers

61
Q

have proven especially helpful in treating the nausea and vomiting associated with antineoplastic chemotherapy and radiation therapy and postoperative nausea and vomiting.

A

5-HT3 receptor blockers

PHARMACOLOGY (22 decks)

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