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PHARMACOLOGY > Kidney > Flashcards

Kidney Flashcards

1
Q

TREATMENT OF BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA

A

ANTIANDROGENS
Saw palmetto
ALPHA-BLOCKERS
PHOSPHODIESTERASE (PDE) INHIBITOR

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2
Q

MEDICATIONS FOR GOUT

A

NSAIDs ( Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)
URICOSURIC AGENTS
XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS
PEGylated uric acid specific enzymes

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3
Q

treat an overactive bladder. By relaxing the muscles in the bladder, trospium improves your ability to control your urination. It helps to reduce leaking of urine, feelings of needing to urinate right away, and frequent trips to the bathroom.

A

Trospium chloride

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4
Q

Reduce the symptoms of incontinence by reducing bladder muscle spasms.

A

ANTIMUSCARINIC DRUGS

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5
Q

used primarily to patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with enlarged prostate

blocks the action of an enzyme called 5a-reductase changes testosterone to another hormone that causes the prostate to grow or hair loss in male.

A

Finasteride (Proscar)

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6
Q

also known as dihydrotestosterone blockers, a type of drug that has antiandrogenic effects used primarily in the treatment of enlarged prostate. (benign prostatic hyperplasia) and male pattern hair loss.

A

5a-Reductase inhibitor

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7
Q

Treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia to relieve symptoms of urinary obstruction

relaxes the bladder muscles, These medications relax the muscle of the prostate and bladder neck, which allows urine to flow more easily.

A

Tamsulosin Hcl (Tamsolin)

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8
Q

DRUGS FOR PROSTATE

A

ALPHA BLOCKERS
5A - REDUCTASE INHIBITOR
ANTIMUSCARINIC DRUGS

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9
Q

Radiographic intravenous (IV) contrast agents

A

Diagnosis of kidney and vascular
disorders

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10
Q

Pentamidine (Pentam)

A

Infection (Pneumocystis)

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11
Q

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs)

A

Inflammation

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12
Q

Foscarnet (Foscavir)

A

Viral infection

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13
Q

Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune), tacrolimus (Prograf)

A

Immunosuppression

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14
Q

Cisplatin (Platinol), carboplatin (Paraplatin)

A

Cancer

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15
Q

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

A

Hypertension (HTN), heart failure

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16
Q

Amphotericin B (Amphotec, AmBisome)

A

Systemic antifungal infection

17
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Infection

18
Q

Potassium, phosphate, hydrogen, and ammonium ions too large to pass through Bowman’s capsule, enter the urine by crossing from the blood to the filtrate.

A

Tubular Secretion

19
Q

reentering of substances in the filtrate to the blood when it crosses the walls of the nephron.

A

TUBULAR REABSORPTION

20
Q

a muscular sac in the pelvis, lies above and behind the pubic bone. About the size and shape of a pear.

A

urinary bladder

21
Q

Fluid leaving the collecting ducts and entering the subsequent portions of the kidney is called

A

urine

22
Q

Once in the nephron, the fluid is called

A

filtrate

23
Q

blood enters the nephron through the large renal arteries and is filtered through a semipermeable membrane known as

A

glomerulus

24
Q

active form of vitamin D, help maintain bone homeostasis

A

Calcitriol

25
Q

a hormone that stimulates blood production

A

Erythropoietin

26
Q

helps regulate blood pressure

A

Renin

27
Q

● Weaker than thiazide and loop diuretics
● Does not excrete potassium
● Hyperkalemia may occur if potassium
supplement is given simultaneously
● Avoid K-rich food

A

POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS

28
Q

● Blocks the action of carbonic anhydrase
needed to maintain the body’s acid-base
balance (hydrogen and bicarbonate ion
balance)
● Causes increased sodium, potassium,
and bicarbonate secretion (metabolic
acidosis)
● Used primarily to decrease IOP in
open-angle glaucoma - Acetazolamide

A

CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS

29
Q

● Increases osmolality (concentration) and
sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule
and loop of Henle
● Excretes sodium, chloride, potassium,
and water

A

OSMOTIC DIURETIC

30
Q

● Inhibit chloride transport of sodium into
the circulation (passive reabsorption of
sodium)
● Sodium and water are lost together with
potassium,calcium, and magnesium
● Affects glucose and can cause
hyperuricemia

A

LOOP OR HIGH-CEILING DIURETICS

31
Q

● Acts on the distal convoluted tubule and
promotes sodium, chloride, and water
excretion
● Causes loss of potassium, sodium, and
magnesium
● Promotes CALCIUM reabsorption
(hypercalcemia)
● Affects glucose tolerance
(hyperglycemia)

A

THIAZIDE OR THIAZIDE-LIKE

32
Q

DIURETICS
Five Categories:

A
  • Thiazide and Thiazide-like
  • Loop or High-ceiling
  • Osmotic
  • Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors
  • Potassium-sparing
33
Q
  • Decrease hypertension
  • Decrease edema
A

DIURETICS

PHARMACOLOGY (22 decks)

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