Kidney

Question 1

TREATMENT OF BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA

Answer 1

ANTIANDROGENS
Saw palmetto
ALPHA-BLOCKERS
PHOSPHODIESTERASE (PDE) INHIBITOR

Question 2

MEDICATIONS FOR GOUT

Answer 2

NSAIDs ( Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)
URICOSURIC AGENTS
XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS
PEGylated uric acid specific enzymes

Question 3

treat an overactive bladder. By relaxing the muscles in the bladder, trospium improves your ability to control your urination. It helps to reduce leaking of urine, feelings of needing to urinate right away, and frequent trips to the bathroom.

Answer 3

Trospium chloride

Question 4

Reduce the symptoms of incontinence by reducing bladder muscle spasms.

Answer 4

ANTIMUSCARINIC DRUGS

Question 5

used primarily to patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with enlarged prostate

blocks the action of an enzyme called 5a-reductase changes testosterone to another hormone that causes the prostate to grow or hair loss in male.

Answer 5

Finasteride (Proscar)

Question 6

also known as dihydrotestosterone blockers, a type of drug that has antiandrogenic effects used primarily in the treatment of enlarged prostate. (benign prostatic hyperplasia) and male pattern hair loss.

Answer 6

5a-Reductase inhibitor

Question 7

Treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia to relieve symptoms of urinary obstruction

relaxes the bladder muscles, These medications relax the muscle of the prostate and bladder neck, which allows urine to flow more easily.

Answer 7

Tamsulosin Hcl (Tamsolin)

Question 8

DRUGS FOR PROSTATE

Answer 8

ALPHA BLOCKERS
5A - REDUCTASE INHIBITOR
ANTIMUSCARINIC DRUGS

Question 9

Radiographic intravenous (IV) contrast agents

Answer 9

Diagnosis of kidney and vascular
disorders

Question 10

Pentamidine (Pentam)

Answer 10

Infection (Pneumocystis)

Question 11

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs)

Answer 11

Inflammation

Question 12

Foscarnet (Foscavir)

Answer 12

Viral infection

Question 13

Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune), tacrolimus (Prograf)

Answer 13

Immunosuppression

Question 14

Cisplatin (Platinol), carboplatin (Paraplatin)

Answer 14

Cancer

Question 15

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

Answer 15

Hypertension (HTN), heart failure

Question 16

Amphotericin B (Amphotec, AmBisome)

Answer 16

Systemic antifungal infection

Question 17

Aminoglycosides

Answer 17

Infection

Question 18

Potassium, phosphate, hydrogen, and ammonium ions too large to pass through Bowman’s capsule, enter the urine by crossing from the blood to the filtrate.

Answer 18

Tubular Secretion

Question 19

reentering of substances in the filtrate to the blood when it crosses the walls of the nephron.

Answer 19

TUBULAR REABSORPTION

Question 20

a muscular sac in the pelvis, lies above and behind the pubic bone. About the size and shape of a pear.

Answer 20

urinary bladder

Question 21

Fluid leaving the collecting ducts and entering the subsequent portions of the kidney is called

Answer 21

urine

Question 22

Once in the nephron, the fluid is called

Answer 22

filtrate

Question 23

blood enters the nephron through the large renal arteries and is filtered through a semipermeable membrane known as

Answer 23

glomerulus

Question 24

active form of vitamin D, help maintain bone homeostasis

Answer 24

Calcitriol

Question 25

a hormone that stimulates blood production

Answer 25

Erythropoietin

Question 26

helps regulate blood pressure

Answer 26

Renin

Question 27

● Weaker than thiazide and loop diuretics ● Does not excrete potassium ● Hyperkalemia may occur if potassium supplement is given simultaneously ● Avoid K-rich food

Answer 27

POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS

Question 28

● Blocks the action of carbonic anhydrase needed to maintain the body’s acid-base balance (hydrogen and bicarbonate ion balance) ● Causes increased sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate secretion (metabolic acidosis) ● Used primarily to decrease IOP in open-angle glaucoma - Acetazolamide

Answer 28

CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS

Question 29

● Increases osmolality (concentration) and sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule and loop of Henle ● Excretes sodium, chloride, potassium, and water

Answer 29

OSMOTIC DIURETIC

Question 30

● Inhibit chloride transport of sodium into the circulation (passive reabsorption of sodium) ● Sodium and water are lost together with potassium,calcium, and magnesium ● Affects glucose and can cause hyperuricemia

Answer 30

LOOP OR HIGH-CEILING DIURETICS

Question 31

● Acts on the distal convoluted tubule and promotes sodium, chloride, and water excretion ● Causes loss of potassium, sodium, and magnesium ● Promotes CALCIUM reabsorption (hypercalcemia) ● Affects glucose tolerance (hyperglycemia)

Answer 31

THIAZIDE OR THIAZIDE-LIKE

Question 32

DIURETICS Five Categories:

Answer 32

- Thiazide and Thiazide-like - Loop or High-ceiling - Osmotic - Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors - Potassium-sparing

Question 33

- Decrease hypertension - Decrease edema

Answer 33

DIURETICS