Anti Jnflammatory Flashcards
• Inhibit the biosynthesis of prostaglandin
• relieve pain (analgesic)
• reduce elevated body temperature (antipyretic)
• Inhibit platelet aggregation (anticoagulant)
ANTI - INFLAMMATORY
Cox- is short for Cyclooxygenase
- is an enzyme that converts arachidonic acid
into Prostanoids and related compounds
- is an enzymes that is required for
prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis
NON STEROIDAL ANTI - INFLAMMATORY DRUGS
(NSAIDs)
promotes the repair and growth of skeletal muscle tissue via conversion to prostaglandin.
Arachidonic Acid
- are a family of chemicals that support the blood
clotting functions of platelets. - protect the lining of the stomach from the
damaging effects of acid. - promote inflammation that is necessary for
healing but also results in pain and fever.
Prostaglandin
mimic the effects of corticosteroids (cortisone)
NON STEROIDAL ANTI - INFLAMMATORY DRUGS
aspirin and aspirin-like drugs that inhibit the enzyme COX, which is needed for the
biosynthesis of the prostaglandins
• may be called prostaglandin inhibitors
NON STEROIDAL ANTI - INFLAMMATORY DRUGS
There are seven groups of NSAIDs:
- Salicylates
- Para-chlorobenzoic acid derivatives
- Phenylacetic acids
- Propionic acid derivatives
- Fenamates
- Oxicams
- Selective COX-2 inhibitors
NSAIDs available Over-the- Counter:
- Aspirin (Bayer Bufferon, Eycedin)
- Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB)
- Naproxen (Aleve)
Also called acetylsalicylic acid
Developed in 1899 by Adolph Bayer, making it the oldest anti-inflammatory agent.
antiplatelet drug for patients
Salicylate
One of the first NSAIDs introduced was
indomethacin (Indocin), a para chlorobenzoic
acid.
● It is used for rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis,
and osteoarthritis and is a potent prostaglandin
inhibitor
Para - Chlorobenzoic Acid
the first injectable NSAID
Ketorolac is recommended for short-term
management of pain.
Phenylacetic Acid Derivatives
Diclofenac sodium
Phenylacetic Acid Derivatives
relatively new group of NSAIDs.
● aspirin-like but have stronger effects and create
less Gl irritation.
Propionic Acid
for acute and chronic arthritic conditions.
Fenamates
Piroxicam (Feldene), is indicated for
long-term arthritic conditions such as rheumatoid
arthritis and osteoarthritis.
oxicam
stick (often derivative
referred to as a “fentanyl lollipop”). This form is 80-100 times more potent than morphine and intended for use by cancer patients and patients that have become analgesic properties than other
tolerant to opioids.
Fentanyl
drugs of choice for patients with severe arthritic conditions who need high doses of an anti - inflammatory drug because large doses of NSAIDs may cause
tinnitus, and pruritus.
peptic ulcer and gastric bleeding inhibitor.
Selective COX-2 Inhibitors
used to treat refractory
rheumatoid arthritis
Immunosuppressive Agents
works by reducing the amount of uric acid made by body cells. In gout, this helps prevent uric acid crystals building up in the joints.
Allopurinol
A drug derived from alkaloids of the opium poppy
Opiate
A class of drugs that includes opiates, synthetic drugs, and opiopeptins that mimic opiates
Opioid
A naturally occurring peptide that act on opioid receptors in the body
Endorphins
There are 3 classical opioid receptors located in the
central and peripheral nervous systems:
- Mu
- Kappa
- Delta
● When used in combination with selective
serotonin reuptake inhibitors
● Potentially Fatal
Meperidin
Serotonin Syndrome
● When used in combination with MAO Inhibitor
● May result in seizure or coma
Hyperpyrexia Syndrome
Synthetic Mu Receptor pure competitive antagonist
blocker
Naloxone
Will not antagonize other Opioids, may be additive
NALBUPHINE
Helpful when converting from one opioid to another
Equianalgesic dosing
is the gold standard comparator for equianalgesic dosing.
Morphine
Opioids may decrease the patient’s cough reflex.
Therefore, it is important to have the patient turn, cough, and deep breath regularly to prevent
atelectasis.
Give the opioid drug at least__ minutes prior
to activities or painful procedures.
30-60
