Week 9 - Orthopedic Surgery Flashcards
Alloys
substances that are mixtures of pure metals
Aponeurosis
tendinous sheet that separates muscles or attaches a muscle to bone
Arthrodesis
surgical fusion of a joint
Bioactive implant
orthopedic implant that releases calcium to enhance healing
Biocompatibility
material that is compatible with tissue
Biomechanics
relationship between movement and biological or anatomical structures
Broaches
fin-shaped rasps; used to enlarge medullary canal for insertion of implant, same shape as implant
Cannulated
device having a hollow core
Casting
method of immobilizing a limb by the application of rigid or semirigid material along the length of the limb
Closed reduction
alignment of bone fragments into anatomical position by manipulation or fraction
Comminuted
fracture in which there are multiple bone fragments
Compartment syndrome
extreme tissue swelling within a closed compartment of the body or closed external device
Compression
mechanical force in which a structure is compacted or pressed together
Cruciate
cross-shaped
Dislocation
displacement of a joint from its normal position
Distraction
mechanical process in which a structure is elongated
Examination under anesthesia (EUA)
fracture and dislocation may be fully assessed when GA is used
External fixation
method of stabilizing bone fragments in anatomical position from outside the body
Internal fixation
method of surgically repairing a fracture by implanting a device that holds the bone fragments in place
Open reduction
surgical access to bring bone fragments into anatomical alignment
Orthopedic system
specific set of instruments and implants used for an orthopedic technique
Press-fit
impact or press a joint into position
Ream
enlarge a preexisting hole, depression, or channel
Replantation
surgical attachement of the hand, thumb, or fingers after traumatic amputation
Reduction
process of manipulating a bone structure to restore anatomical position
Skeletal traction
traction device in which bone fragments are connected by pins or rods that are surgically inserted into the bone
Traction
mechanical method of applying pulling force to fractured bone in order to bring the fragments into alignment
Gauze fluffs
plain gauze squares that are pulled apart from the center to make them fluffy not flat
Coban-type dressing
common roller bandage with superior stretching and self-sticking ability
Burr
round, conical, or tapered tip used for making narrow holes or smoothing very small areas
Chuck
attached to drill head and receives attachments that fits into central hole of chuck
Depth gauge
small calibrated rod used to measure depth of drilled or reamed hole in bone
Drill bit
pin with wide cutting threads used to make a smooth-sided hole in the bone
Drill guide
drill sleeve; instrument inserted near or at the screw, pin, nail, or wire as it enters the bone
Reamer
rod shaped or chisel-pointed cutter used to ream or clear the medullary canal
Shaver
type of burr used mainly on cartilage for shaping and removing tissue
Tap
instrument similar to a screw that is used to cut threads in the bone
The Association for the Advancement of Medical Instruments (AAMI)
institutes international protocols for pt safety
Head
flat or conical part of screw
Shaft
long section of screw
Thread
spiral-shaped ridges along the screw shaft
Tip
pointed end of the screw
Cancellous
large diameter and greater pitch to increase contact with bone; used mainly in dense bone
Cortical
small diameter and decreased pitch; used in cortical bone
Lag
all screws that exert compression on bone fragments, either directly or with a plate
Self-tapping
has flutes at the tip that cut a passage for the threads as the screw is inserted
Reconstruction plate
used commonly in facial and cranial fractures
Locking plate
has threaded screw holes that lock the screws into the plate; prevents rocking of the screws
Dynamic compression plate
has screw holes that are inclined and offset; provides reduction and compression of two fragments
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)
bone cement; interface between joint and implant
