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ST3 > Week 9 - Orthopedic Surgery > Flashcards

Week 9 - Orthopedic Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

Alloys

A

substances that are mixtures of pure metals

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2
Q

Aponeurosis

A

tendinous sheet that separates muscles or attaches a muscle to bone

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3
Q

Arthrodesis

A

surgical fusion of a joint

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4
Q

Bioactive implant

A

orthopedic implant that releases calcium to enhance healing

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5
Q

Biocompatibility

A

material that is compatible with tissue

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6
Q

Biomechanics

A

relationship between movement and biological or anatomical structures

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7
Q

Broaches

A

fin-shaped rasps; used to enlarge medullary canal for insertion of implant, same shape as implant

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8
Q

Cannulated

A

device having a hollow core

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9
Q

Casting

A

method of immobilizing a limb by the application of rigid or semirigid material along the length of the limb

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10
Q

Closed reduction

A

alignment of bone fragments into anatomical position by manipulation or fraction

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11
Q

Comminuted

A

fracture in which there are multiple bone fragments

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12
Q

Compartment syndrome

A

extreme tissue swelling within a closed compartment of the body or closed external device

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13
Q

Compression

A

mechanical force in which a structure is compacted or pressed together

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14
Q

Cruciate

A

cross-shaped

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15
Q

Dislocation

A

displacement of a joint from its normal position

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16
Q

Distraction

A

mechanical process in which a structure is elongated

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17
Q

Examination under anesthesia (EUA)

A

fracture and dislocation may be fully assessed when GA is used

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18
Q

External fixation

A

method of stabilizing bone fragments in anatomical position from outside the body

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19
Q

Internal fixation

A

method of surgically repairing a fracture by implanting a device that holds the bone fragments in place

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20
Q

Open reduction

A

surgical access to bring bone fragments into anatomical alignment

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21
Q

Orthopedic system

A

specific set of instruments and implants used for an orthopedic technique

22
Q

Press-fit

A

impact or press a joint into position

23
Q

Ream

A

enlarge a preexisting hole, depression, or channel

24
Q

Replantation

A

surgical attachement of the hand, thumb, or fingers after traumatic amputation

25
Q

Reduction

A

process of manipulating a bone structure to restore anatomical position

26
Q

Skeletal traction

A

traction device in which bone fragments are connected by pins or rods that are surgically inserted into the bone

27
Q

Traction

A

mechanical method of applying pulling force to fractured bone in order to bring the fragments into alignment

28
Q

Gauze fluffs

A

plain gauze squares that are pulled apart from the center to make them fluffy not flat

29
Q

Coban-type dressing

A

common roller bandage with superior stretching and self-sticking ability

30
Q

Burr

A

round, conical, or tapered tip used for making narrow holes or smoothing very small areas

31
Q

Chuck

A

attached to drill head and receives attachments that fits into central hole of chuck

32
Q

Depth gauge

A

small calibrated rod used to measure depth of drilled or reamed hole in bone

33
Q

Drill bit

A

pin with wide cutting threads used to make a smooth-sided hole in the bone

34
Q

Drill guide

A

drill sleeve; instrument inserted near or at the screw, pin, nail, or wire as it enters the bone

35
Q

Reamer

A

rod shaped or chisel-pointed cutter used to ream or clear the medullary canal

36
Q

Shaver

A

type of burr used mainly on cartilage for shaping and removing tissue

37
Q

Tap

A

instrument similar to a screw that is used to cut threads in the bone

38
Q

The Association for the Advancement of Medical Instruments (AAMI)

A

institutes international protocols for pt safety

39
Q

Head

A

flat or conical part of screw

40
Q

Shaft

A

long section of screw

41
Q

Thread

A

spiral-shaped ridges along the screw shaft

42
Q

Tip

A

pointed end of the screw

43
Q

Cancellous

A

large diameter and greater pitch to increase contact with bone; used mainly in dense bone

44
Q

Cortical

A

small diameter and decreased pitch; used in cortical bone

45
Q

Lag

A

all screws that exert compression on bone fragments, either directly or with a plate

46
Q

Self-tapping

A

has flutes at the tip that cut a passage for the threads as the screw is inserted

47
Q

Reconstruction plate

A

used commonly in facial and cranial fractures

48
Q

Locking plate

A

has threaded screw holes that lock the screws into the plate; prevents rocking of the screws

49
Q

Dynamic compression plate

A

has screw holes that are inclined and offset; provides reduction and compression of two fragments

50
Q

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)

A

bone cement; interface between joint and implant

ST3 (15 decks)

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