Week 5 - General Surgery & Robotics

Question 1

Endocoupler

Answer 1

device that connects the endoscope to the camera

Question 2

Gain

Answer 2

the intensity of a signal (in electronics)

Question 3

High definition (HD)

Answer 3

type of video format; greater clarity than standard definition

Question 4

Insertion tube

Answer 4

long, narrow portion of the flexible endoscope that is inserted into the body

Question 5

Instrument channel

Answer 5

channel that extends the full length of a flexible endoscope and receives instruments during flexible endoscopy

Question 6

Insufflation

Answer 6

inflation of the abdominal or thoracic cavity with carbon dioxide

Question 7

Intravasation

Answer 7

unintented absorption of irrigation fluids into the body

Question 8

Knot pusher

Answer 8

device used to secure suture knots during minimally invasive sx

Question 9

Control head

Answer 9

proximal section of a flexible endoscope where the controls are located

Question 10

Direct coupling

Answer 10

transmission of electricity directly from one conductive path to another

Question 11

Docking

Answer 11

process of positioning the robotic instruments can safely attach to their ports in the body cavity

Question 12

Elevator channel

Answer 12

channel that extends the full length of a flexible endoscope and receives biopsy forceps or other instruments

Question 13

Diagnostic endoscopy

Answer 13

diagnostic procedure in which long, flexible, fiberoptic tube is inserted into a body cavity for viewing and diagnosis

Question 14

Camera control unit (CCU)

Answer 14

main control source for the video camera; captures video signals from camera head and processes them for display on the image system

Question 15

Arthroscopy

Answer 15

endoscopic surgery of a joint

Question 16

Active electrode monitoring (AEM)

Answer 16

method of reducing the risk of patients burns during monopolar electrosurgery

Question 17

Light cable

Answer 17

light guide; fiberoptic light cable that transmits light from the source to the endoscopic instrument

Question 18

Telesurgery

Answer 18

type of robotic sx in which sx is performed from a nearby location through computer mediated instruments; no direct physical contact with instruments occurs

Question 19

Veress needle

Answer 19

spring loaded needle used to deliver CO2 during insufflation

Question 20

Stereoscopic viewer

Answer 20

robotic sx, binocular lens system of the surgeon console

Question 21

Robot

Answer 21

mechanical device that can be programed to perform tasks

Question 22

Pixel

Answer 22

element in each silicon chip contained within a device that produces electronic images

Question 23

Pneumoperitoneum

Answer 23

abdomen insufflated or distended with CO2 during laparoscopy

Question 24

Optical angle

Answer 24

angle at which light is transmitted at the distal end of a fiberoptic or video endoscope

Question 25

Master controllers

Answer 25

robotic sx, the nonsterile hand controls that manipulate surgical instruments

Question 26

Light source

Answer 26

device that controls and emits light fro endoscopic procedures

Question 27

Image system

Answer 27

combined components of the endoscopic system, which create the image capture in the focal view of the endoscope

Question 28

Haptic feedback

Answer 28

tactile feedback

Question 29

Extracorporeal

Answer 29

outside the body; MIS, technique for placing sutures in which knots are formed outside the body and tightened after they have been introduced into the surgical wound

Question 30

Resectoscopes

Answer 30

surgical endoscopic that has the capability of morcellation (tissue fragmentation)

Question 31

Video printer

Answer 31

device that stores and prints output data viewed through the video endoscope

Question 32

White balance

Answer 32

procedure for adjusting the light color of the video camera to other components of the system

Question 33

Digital output conroller

Answer 33

during video-assisted sx, digital recorder processes digital signals captured from the video camera and transmitted to image system

Question 34

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS)

Answer 34

performed using a rigid lensed telescope and long instruments which are introduced into small incisions at operative site

Question 35

Appendectomy (laparoscopic approach)

Answer 35

appendectomy removed laparoscopically

Question 36

Abdominoperineal resection

Answer 36

complete removal of rectum and anus with pelvic dissection and removal of portion of the colon; tx for rectum cancer

Question 37

Sigmoidoscopy

Answer 37

performed to examine tissue and/or obtain biopsy specimen of sigmoid colon and rectum

Question 38

Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy

Answer 38

portion of the tail of the pancreas is removed fro palliative tx of malignant tumor or to remove benign lesion

Question 39

Segmental resection of the liver

Answer 39

performed to remove a portion of the liver to treat benign or malignant tumor

Question 40

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

Answer 40

performed to bypass the distal stomach and reestablish continuity from the stomach to jenunum

Question 41

Removal of Meckel's diverticuum

Answer 41

occurs at the distal illeum; prevents ulceration and perforation

Question 42

Vagotomy

Answer 42

performed to reduce gastric enzymes by severing the nerves that control their release; selective occlusion of portions of the vagus nerve as it branches over the stomach

Question 43

Colonoscopy

Answer 43

lower GI endoscopy; endoscopy of large instestine

Question 44

Laparotomy

Answer 44

procedure in which abdominal cavity is surgically opened

Question 45

Pancreas

Answer 45

elongated lobulated gland the lies inferior to liver behind stomach

Question 46

Spleen

Answer 46

kidney-shaped organ that is extremely vascular and relatively soft; lies under diaphragm in left upper abdomen

Question 47

Liver

Answer 47

large vascular organ that aids digestion and the filtration of toxic substances from the body

Question 48

Standard definition (SD)

Answer 48

type of video format; displays 640X480 pixels in a rectangular image

Question 49

Trocar

Answer 49

surgical instrument with a 3-sided cutting point enclosed in a tube; made of an obturator, cannula, and a seal placed through abdomen during laparoscopic surgery