Week 15 - Pediatric and Trauma

Question 1

Acquired abnormality

Answer 1

physiological or anatomical defect that develops in fetal life as a result of environmental factors

Question 2

Atresia

Answer 2

absence or blockage of a natural orifice or tubular structure

Question 3

Bolus

Answer 3

compact substance (e.g., undigested food, fecal material) that occurs normally in the digestive tract

Question 4

Child life specialist

Answer 4

trained professional who specializes in the psychosocial care of and communication with pediatric patients and their families

Question 5

Choanal

Answer 5

term that describes the communicating passageways between the nasal fossae and the pharynx

Question 6

Coarctation

Answer 6

Narrowing of the passageway of a blood vessel, such as coarctation of the aorta, a congenital condition

Question 7

Congenital

Answer 7

condition or an anomaly that develops during fetal life

Question 8

Ductus arteriosus

Answer 8

normal fetal structure that allows blood to bypass circulation to the lungs. If this structure remains open after birth, it is called a patent ductus arteriosus

Question 9

Embryonic life

Answer 9

first 8 weeks of gestational development

Question 10

Exstrophy

Answer 10

eversion, or turning out, of an organ

Question 11

Fetus

Answer 11

Gestational life after 8 weeks

Question 12

Genetic abnormality

Answer 12

inherited birth anomaly

Question 13

Homeostasis

Answer 13

balance of physiological processes that maintains life

Question 14

Isolette

Answer 14

An infant-size “bed” and transport unit that is environmentally controlled with monitoring devices

Question 15

Magical thinking

Answer 15

psychological process in which a person attributes intention and will to inanimate objects. Magical thinking may also describe a patient’s belief that an event will happen because he or she wills it or wishes it. This is a normal developmental stage of toddlers

Question 16

Mutagenic substance

Answer 16

chemical or other agent that causes permanent change in the cell’s genetic material

Question 17

Nephroblastoma

Answer 17

Pediatric cancer of the kidney; Wilms tumor

Question 18

Neural tube defect

Answer 18

congenital abnormality resulting from failure of the neural tube to close in embryonic development

Question 19

Omphalocele

Answer 19

protrusion of abdominal contents through a congenital umbilicus defect

Question 20

Pyloric stenosis

Answer 20

narrowing of the part of the stomach pylorus that leads to the small intestine

Question 21

Teratogen

Answer 21

chemical or agent that can injure the fetus or cause birth defects

Question 22

Repair of Cleft lip or palate

Answer 22

Partial or complete division of the lip or palate prevents the infant from suckling effectively. The defect occurs in about 1 in 700 live births.Surgical reconstruction is performed in stages beginning at about 12 weeks of age

Question 23

Otoplasty

Answer 23

Surgical creation of the external ear.

Question 24

Pyloromyotomy

Answer 24

Surgery to correct infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis,

Question 25

Reconstruction of Intussusception

Answer 25

telescoping of one portion of the intestine into another, can be reduced with hydrostatic pressure (usually a barium enema) or by manual manipulation through a laparotomy incision.

Question 26

Reduction of a volvulus

Answer 26

To relieve obstruction by untwisting (counter clockwise DE torsion) of the affected bowel

Question 27

Repair of omphalocele

Answer 27

goal of surgery is to replace the contents of the abdomen in phases until the abdominal wall can be closed

Question 28

Orchiopexy for an undescendended Testicle

Answer 28

restore the testicle to its normal position in the scrotum.

Question 29

Repair of Bladder exstrophy/epispadias

Answer 29

complex set of congenital anomalies involving the lower genitourinary tract and skeletal system.

Question 30

Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS)

Answer 30

program for protocols and training in trauma medicine.

Question 31

Blunt injury

Answer 31

Trauma that results in deep tissue injury without rupture of the skin

Question 32

Cardiac rupture

Answer 32

Tearing of the atria or ventricles as a result of trauma

Question 33

Coagulopathy

Answer 33

body's normal blood clotting mechanism ceases to function, characteristic in severe multi- trauma.

Question 34

Compartment syndrome

Answer 34

Increased pressure in any compartment of the body caused by trauma.

Question 35

Contusions

Answer 35

Bruising

Question 36

Damage control surgery

Answer 36

Surgery whose objective is to stop hemorrhage and prevent sepsis without attempting reconstruction or anatomical continuity.

Question 37

Definitive Diagnosis

Answer 37

Evidence based diagnosis of a medical problem using normal investigative procedures such as imaging studies.

Question 38

Definitive Procedures

Answer 38

planned surgical procedure, usually with specific objective for reconstruction or restoring continuity of anatomical structures.

Question 39

Exsanguinating

Answer 39

Hemorrhage with the potential to deplete the patient's total blood volume

Question 40

Flail chest

Answer 40

Rib fracture in at least three adjacent ribs in two locations each

Question 41

F.A.S.T Focused assessment with ultrasound for trauma

Answer 41

protocol of ATLS in which ultrasound is used in a focused area to diagnose severe trauma

Question 42

Hemorrhagic shock

Answer 42

type of shock characterized by vascular failure due to severe bleeding

Question 43

Hemothorax

Answer 43

Bleeding into the pleural space.

Question 44

Metabolic acidosis

Answer 44

abnormally low blood pH; potentially lethal physiological condition occurring in shock

Question 45

Occult injury

Answer 45

injury that is not detected in normal assessment procedures

Question 46

Penetrating injury

Answer 46

Tissue damage that occurs when an object enters the body through the skin, or the body is propelled against an object, breaking the skin.

Question 47

Pneumothorax

Answer 47

air in the pleural space

Question 48

Resuscitation

Answer 48

process of restoring physiological balance following severe trauma

Question 49

Golden Hour

Answer 49

first hour of treatment