Week 15 - Pediatric and Trauma Flashcards
Acquired abnormality
physiological or anatomical defect that develops in fetal life as a result of environmental factors
Atresia
absence or blockage of a natural orifice or tubular structure
Bolus
compact substance (e.g., undigested food, fecal material) that occurs normally in the digestive tract
Child life specialist
trained professional who specializes in the psychosocial care of and communication with pediatric patients and their families
Choanal
term that describes the communicating passageways between the nasal fossae and the pharynx
Coarctation
Narrowing of the passageway of a blood vessel, such as coarctation of the aorta, a congenital condition
Congenital
condition or an anomaly that develops during fetal life
Ductus arteriosus
normal fetal structure that allows blood to bypass circulation to the lungs. If this structure remains open after birth, it is called a patent ductus arteriosus
Embryonic life
first 8 weeks of gestational development
Exstrophy
eversion, or turning out, of an organ
Fetus
Gestational life after 8 weeks
Genetic abnormality
inherited birth anomaly
Homeostasis
balance of physiological processes that maintains life
Isolette
An infant-size “bed” and transport unit that is environmentally controlled with monitoring devices
Magical thinking
psychological process in which a person attributes intention and will to inanimate objects. Magical thinking may also describe a patient’s belief that an event will happen because he or she wills it or wishes it. This is a normal developmental stage of toddlers
Mutagenic substance
chemical or other agent that causes permanent change in the cell’s genetic material
Nephroblastoma
Pediatric cancer of the kidney; Wilms tumor
Neural tube defect
congenital abnormality resulting from failure of the neural tube to close in embryonic development
Omphalocele
protrusion of abdominal contents through a congenital umbilicus defect
Pyloric stenosis
narrowing of the part of the stomach pylorus that leads to the small intestine
Teratogen
chemical or agent that can injure the fetus or cause birth defects
Repair of Cleft lip or palate
Partial or complete division of the lip or palate prevents the infant from suckling effectively. The defect occurs in about 1 in 700 live births.Surgical reconstruction is performed in stages beginning at about 12 weeks of age
Otoplasty
Surgical creation of the external ear.
Pyloromyotomy
Surgery to correct infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis,
Reconstruction of Intussusception
telescoping of one portion of the intestine into another, can be reduced with hydrostatic pressure (usually a barium enema) or by manual manipulation through a laparotomy incision.
Reduction of a volvulus
To relieve obstruction by untwisting (counter clockwise DE torsion) of the affected bowel
Repair of omphalocele
goal of surgery is to replace the contents of the abdomen in phases until the abdominal wall can be closed
Orchiopexy for an undescendended Testicle
restore the testicle to its normal position in the scrotum.
Repair of Bladder exstrophy/epispadias
complex set of congenital anomalies involving the lower genitourinary tract and skeletal system.
Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS)
program for protocols and training in trauma medicine.
Blunt injury
Trauma that results in deep tissue injury without rupture of the skin
Cardiac rupture
Tearing of the atria or ventricles as a result of trauma
Coagulopathy
body’s normal blood clotting mechanism ceases to function, characteristic in severe multi- trauma.
Compartment syndrome
Increased pressure in any compartment of the body caused by trauma.
Contusions
Bruising
Damage control surgery
Surgery whose objective is to stop hemorrhage and prevent sepsis without attempting reconstruction or anatomical continuity.
Definitive Diagnosis
Evidence based diagnosis of a medical problem using normal investigative procedures such as imaging studies.
Definitive Procedures
planned surgical procedure, usually with specific objective for reconstruction or restoring continuity of anatomical structures.
Exsanguinating
Hemorrhage with the potential to deplete the patient’s total blood volume
Flail chest
Rib fracture in at least three adjacent ribs in two locations each
F.A.S.T Focused assessment with ultrasound for trauma
protocol of ATLS in which ultrasound is used in a focused area to diagnose severe trauma
Hemorrhagic shock
type of shock characterized by vascular failure due to severe bleeding
Hemothorax
Bleeding into the pleural space.
Metabolic acidosis
abnormally low blood pH; potentially lethal physiological condition occurring in shock
Occult injury
injury that is not detected in normal assessment procedures
Penetrating injury
Tissue damage that occurs when an object enters the body through the skin, or the body is propelled against an object, breaking the skin.
Pneumothorax
air in the pleural space
Resuscitation
process of restoring physiological balance following severe trauma
Golden Hour
first hour of treatment
