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ST3 > Week 15 - Pediatric and Trauma > Flashcards

Week 15 - Pediatric and Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

Acquired abnormality

A

physiological or anatomical defect that develops in fetal life as a result of environmental factors

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2
Q

Atresia

A

absence or blockage of a natural orifice or tubular structure

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3
Q

Bolus

A

compact substance (e.g., undigested food, fecal material) that occurs normally in the digestive tract

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4
Q

Child life specialist

A

trained professional who specializes in the psychosocial care of and communication with pediatric patients and their families

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5
Q

Choanal

A

term that describes the communicating passageways between the nasal fossae and the pharynx

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6
Q

Coarctation

A

Narrowing of the passageway of a blood vessel, such as coarctation of the aorta, a congenital condition

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7
Q

Congenital

A

condition or an anomaly that develops during fetal life

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8
Q

Ductus arteriosus

A

normal fetal structure that allows blood to bypass circulation to the lungs. If this structure remains open after birth, it is called a patent ductus arteriosus

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9
Q

Embryonic life

A

first 8 weeks of gestational development

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10
Q

Exstrophy

A

eversion, or turning out, of an organ

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11
Q

Fetus

A

Gestational life after 8 weeks

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12
Q

Genetic abnormality

A

inherited birth anomaly

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13
Q

Homeostasis

A

balance of physiological processes that maintains life

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14
Q

Isolette

A

An infant-size “bed” and transport unit that is environmentally controlled with monitoring devices

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15
Q

Magical thinking

A

psychological process in which a person attributes intention and will to inanimate objects. Magical thinking may also describe a patient’s belief that an event will happen because he or she wills it or wishes it. This is a normal developmental stage of toddlers

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16
Q

Mutagenic substance

A

chemical or other agent that causes permanent change in the cell’s genetic material

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17
Q

Nephroblastoma

A

Pediatric cancer of the kidney; Wilms tumor

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18
Q

Neural tube defect

A

congenital abnormality resulting from failure of the neural tube to close in embryonic development

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19
Q

Omphalocele

A

protrusion of abdominal contents through a congenital umbilicus defect

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20
Q

Pyloric stenosis

A

narrowing of the part of the stomach pylorus that leads to the small intestine

21
Q

Teratogen

A

chemical or agent that can injure the fetus or cause birth defects

22
Q

Repair of Cleft lip or palate

A

Partial or complete division of the lip or palate prevents the infant from suckling effectively. The defect occurs in about 1 in 700 live births.Surgical reconstruction is performed in stages beginning at about 12 weeks of age

23
Q

Otoplasty

A

Surgical creation of the external ear.

24
Q

Pyloromyotomy

A

Surgery to correct infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis,

25
Q

Reconstruction of Intussusception

A

telescoping of one portion of the intestine into another, can be reduced with hydrostatic pressure (usually a barium enema) or by manual manipulation through a laparotomy incision.

26
Q

Reduction of a volvulus

A

To relieve obstruction by untwisting (counter clockwise DE torsion) of the affected bowel

27
Q

Repair of omphalocele

A

goal of surgery is to replace the contents of the abdomen in phases until the abdominal wall can be closed

28
Q

Orchiopexy for an undescendended Testicle

A

restore the testicle to its normal position in the scrotum.

29
Q

Repair of Bladder exstrophy/epispadias

A

complex set of congenital anomalies involving the lower genitourinary tract and skeletal system.

30
Q

Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS)

A

program for protocols and training in trauma medicine.

31
Q

Blunt injury

A

Trauma that results in deep tissue injury without rupture of the skin

32
Q

Cardiac rupture

A

Tearing of the atria or ventricles as a result of trauma

33
Q

Coagulopathy

A

body’s normal blood clotting mechanism ceases to function, characteristic in severe multi- trauma.

34
Q

Compartment syndrome

A

Increased pressure in any compartment of the body caused by trauma.

35
Q

Contusions

A

Bruising

36
Q

Damage control surgery

A

Surgery whose objective is to stop hemorrhage and prevent sepsis without attempting reconstruction or anatomical continuity.

37
Q

Definitive Diagnosis

A

Evidence based diagnosis of a medical problem using normal investigative procedures such as imaging studies.

38
Q

Definitive Procedures

A

planned surgical procedure, usually with specific objective for reconstruction or restoring continuity of anatomical structures.

39
Q

Exsanguinating

A

Hemorrhage with the potential to deplete the patient’s total blood volume

40
Q

Flail chest

A

Rib fracture in at least three adjacent ribs in two locations each

41
Q

F.A.S.T Focused assessment with ultrasound for trauma

A

protocol of ATLS in which ultrasound is used in a focused area to diagnose severe trauma

42
Q

Hemorrhagic shock

A

type of shock characterized by vascular failure due to severe bleeding

43
Q

Hemothorax

A

Bleeding into the pleural space.

44
Q

Metabolic acidosis

A

abnormally low blood pH; potentially lethal physiological condition occurring in shock

45
Q

Occult injury

A

injury that is not detected in normal assessment procedures

46
Q

Penetrating injury

A

Tissue damage that occurs when an object enters the body through the skin, or the body is propelled against an object, breaking the skin.

47
Q

Pneumothorax

A

air in the pleural space

48
Q

Resuscitation

A

process of restoring physiological balance following severe trauma

49
Q

Golden Hour

A

first hour of treatment

ST3 (15 decks)

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