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ST3 > Week 13 - Thoracic and Pulmonary Sx, Cardiac Sx > Flashcards

Week 13 - Thoracic and Pulmonary Sx, Cardiac Sx Flashcards

1
Q

Arterial blood gas (ABGs)

A

blood test that determines CO2 and O2 saturation, pH, and other important parameters of respiration and oxygen perfusion

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2
Q

Blebs

A

areas of over distention in lung tissue

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3
Q

Closed chest drainage

A

system of removing air or fluid from thoracic cavity and restoring negative pressure so lugs will expand properly after thoracic sx or penetrating trauma to chest wall

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4
Q

Diffusion (oxygen)

A

molecular passage of O2 across the alveoli and into the bloodstream

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5
Q

Dyspnea

A

difficulty breathing

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6
Q

Empyema

A

pus-filled area of the lung

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7
Q

Expiration

A

exhalation; act of breathing out

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8
Q

Hemoptysis

A

blood sputum or bleeding arising from the respiratory tract

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9
Q

Hemothorax

A

presence of blood in the thoracic cavity or between the pleural sac and lungs

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10
Q

Hypoxia

A

lower than normal perfusion

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11
Q

Inspiration

A

inhalation; act of taking a breath

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12
Q

Perfusion (oxygen)

A

distribution of O2 to tissues

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13
Q

Pneumothorax

A

air in the chest cavity; prevents lungs from expanding any may displace mediastinal structures

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14
Q

Pulmonary function test (PFTs)

A

tests performed to measure function and strength of the pulmonary system

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15
Q

Ventilation

A

process of inflating and deflating lungs during breathing

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16
Q

Apnea

A

cessation of respiration

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17
Q

Hyperventilation

A

abnormally fast rate of respiration

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18
Q

Hyperpnea

A

excessively deep respiration

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19
Q

Tidal volume

A

amount of air exhaled during normal respiration

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20
Q

Bronchoscopy

A

endoscopic examination trachea and bronchi

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21
Q

Mediastinoscopy

A

endoscopic examination of the mediastinum through an incision; thymus and lymphnode biopsy are performed

22
Q

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)

A

minimally invasive sx of thoracic cavity

23
Q

Thoracotomy

A

open sx of the thoracic cavity

24
Q

Lobectomy

A

a lung lobe is removed to prevent the spread of cancer or treat a benign tumor

25
Q

Pneumonectomy

A

removal of the entire lung

26
Q

Aneurysm

A

weakness in the arterial wall resulting in ballooning of the artery and possible rupture

27
Q

Apex

A

lower left tip of the ventricle of the heart; rounded upper portion of each lung

28
Q

Arrhythmia

A

abnormal heartbeat; dysrhythmia

29
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

ds characterized by the buildup of cholesterol deposits in the arterial lining

30
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

ds of arteries characterized by loss of elasticity and hardening of the arterial walls

31
Q

Bradycardia

A

slow heart rate (>60bpm adult)

32
Q

Congenital

A

condition present at birth

33
Q

Endovascular repair

A

endoscopic sx of the vascular system

34
Q

Fibrillation

A

uncoordinated muscular activity in the heart muscle (“quivering”)

35
Q

Heart-lung machine

A

medical device used during cardiac bypass; systemic blood shunted out of body via cannulas implanted in the hear; collects blood, removes CO2, oxygenates it, returns it to the body through separate cannulas

36
Q

Infarction

A

necrosis and death of tissue related to obstruction of blood flow

37
Q

Ischemia

A

reduced blood supply to tissue; result of obstruction within the blood vessels or external pressure

38
Q

Off-pump procedure

A

procedure performed without a cardiopulmonary bypass

39
Q

Pacemaker

A

device that stimulates the heart muscle to contract

40
Q

Shunt

A

bypass a structure or carry fluid from one anatomical location to another

41
Q

Tachycardia

A

fast heart rate (>120 bpm adult)

42
Q

Paramedian (incision)

A

right or left of the sternum; used for minimally invasive sx and lymph node biopsy

43
Q

Minthoracotomy (incision)

A

2 in (5 cm) right or left between ribs for access during minimally invasive and robotic procedures

44
Q

Median sternotomy (incision)

A

partial or full midline made through the sternum

45
Q

Heparin

A

anticoagulant, prevents conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

46
Q

Protamine sulfate

A

administered to reverse the anticoagulant effects of heparin; IV protamine is administered after bypass

47
Q

Lidocaine (Xylocaine, 1%)

A

tx of ventricular arrthymia

48
Q

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)

A

performed to improve circulation to the heart, an autograft is usually used

49
Q

Endovascular repair of a thoracic aneurysm (Decending thoracic aortic aneurysm - DTTA)

A

used to treat ds of the aorta (commonly used to treat AAA - abdominal aortic aneurysm)

50
Q

Insertion of an arterial cardiac pacemaker

A

implanted in the body to correct cardiac arrythmia cuased by a ds of the conduction system

ST3 (15 decks)

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