Week 13 - Thoracic and Pulmonary Sx, Cardiac Sx

Question 1

Arterial blood gas (ABGs)

Answer 1

blood test that determines CO2 and O2 saturation, pH, and other important parameters of respiration and oxygen perfusion

Question 2

Blebs

Answer 2

areas of over distention in lung tissue

Question 3

Closed chest drainage

Answer 3

system of removing air or fluid from thoracic cavity and restoring negative pressure so lugs will expand properly after thoracic sx or penetrating trauma to chest wall

Question 4

Diffusion (oxygen)

Answer 4

molecular passage of O2 across the alveoli and into the bloodstream

Question 5

Dyspnea

Answer 5

difficulty breathing

Question 6

Empyema

Answer 6

pus-filled area of the lung

Question 7

Expiration

Answer 7

exhalation; act of breathing out

Question 8

Hemoptysis

Answer 8

blood sputum or bleeding arising from the respiratory tract

Question 9

Hemothorax

Answer 9

presence of blood in the thoracic cavity or between the pleural sac and lungs

Question 10

Hypoxia

Answer 10

lower than normal perfusion

Question 11

Inspiration

Answer 11

inhalation; act of taking a breath

Question 12

Perfusion (oxygen)

Answer 12

distribution of O2 to tissues

Question 13

Pneumothorax

Answer 13

air in the chest cavity; prevents lungs from expanding any may displace mediastinal structures

Question 14

Pulmonary function test (PFTs)

Answer 14

tests performed to measure function and strength of the pulmonary system

Question 15

Ventilation

Answer 15

process of inflating and deflating lungs during breathing

Question 16

Apnea

Answer 16

cessation of respiration

Question 17

Hyperventilation

Answer 17

abnormally fast rate of respiration

Question 18

Hyperpnea

Answer 18

excessively deep respiration

Question 19

Tidal volume

Answer 19

amount of air exhaled during normal respiration

Question 20

Bronchoscopy

Answer 20

endoscopic examination trachea and bronchi

Question 21

Mediastinoscopy

Answer 21

endoscopic examination of the mediastinum through an incision; thymus and lymphnode biopsy are performed

Question 22

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)

Answer 22

minimally invasive sx of thoracic cavity

Question 23

Thoracotomy

Answer 23

open sx of the thoracic cavity

Question 24

Lobectomy

Answer 24

a lung lobe is removed to prevent the spread of cancer or treat a benign tumor

Question 25

Pneumonectomy

Answer 25

removal of the entire lung

Question 26

Aneurysm

Answer 26

weakness in the arterial wall resulting in ballooning of the artery and possible rupture

Question 27

Apex

Answer 27

lower left tip of the ventricle of the heart; rounded upper portion of each lung

Question 28

Arrhythmia

Answer 28

abnormal heartbeat; dysrhythmia

Question 29

Atherosclerosis

Answer 29

ds characterized by the buildup of cholesterol deposits in the arterial lining

Question 30

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 30

ds of arteries characterized by loss of elasticity and hardening of the arterial walls

Question 31

Bradycardia

Answer 31

slow heart rate (>60bpm adult)

Question 32

Congenital

Answer 32

condition present at birth

Question 33

Endovascular repair

Answer 33

endoscopic sx of the vascular system

Question 34

Fibrillation

Answer 34

uncoordinated muscular activity in the heart muscle (“quivering”)

Question 35

Heart-lung machine

Answer 35

medical device used during cardiac bypass; systemic blood shunted out of body via cannulas implanted in the hear; collects blood, removes CO2, oxygenates it, returns it to the body through separate cannulas

Question 36

Infarction

Answer 36

necrosis and death of tissue related to obstruction of blood flow

Question 37

Ischemia

Answer 37

reduced blood supply to tissue; result of obstruction within the blood vessels or external pressure

Question 38

Off-pump procedure

Answer 38

procedure performed without a cardiopulmonary bypass

Question 39

Pacemaker

Answer 39

device that stimulates the heart muscle to contract

Question 40

Shunt

Answer 40

bypass a structure or carry fluid from one anatomical location to another

Question 41

Tachycardia

Answer 41

fast heart rate (>120 bpm adult)

Question 42

Paramedian (incision)

Answer 42

right or left of the sternum; used for minimally invasive sx and lymph node biopsy

Question 43

Minthoracotomy (incision)

Answer 43

2 in (5 cm) right or left between ribs for access during minimally invasive and robotic procedures

Question 44

Median sternotomy (incision)

Answer 44

partial or full midline made through the sternum

Question 45

Heparin

Answer 45

anticoagulant, prevents conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

Question 46

Protamine sulfate

Answer 46

administered to reverse the anticoagulant effects of heparin; IV protamine is administered after bypass

Question 47

Lidocaine (Xylocaine, 1%)

Answer 47

tx of ventricular arrthymia

Question 48

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)

Answer 48

performed to improve circulation to the heart, an autograft is usually used

Question 49

Endovascular repair of a thoracic aneurysm (Decending thoracic aortic aneurysm - DTTA)

Answer 49

used to treat ds of the aorta (commonly used to treat AAA - abdominal aortic aneurysm)

Question 50

Insertion of an arterial cardiac pacemaker

Answer 50

implanted in the body to correct cardiac arrythmia cuased by a ds of the conduction system