Week 4 - General Surgery

Question 1

Abdominal peritoneum

Answer 1

serous membrane lining the walls of the abdominal cavity

Question 2

Direct inguinal hernia

Answer 2

hernia that results from weakness in the inguinal floor

Question 3

Evisceration

Answer 3

protrusion of the viscera outside the body as a result of trauma or wound disruption

Question 4

Fistula

Answer 4

abnormal tract or passage leading from one organ to another or from an organ to the skin

Question 5

Hernia

Answer 5

protrusion of tissue under the skin through a weakened area of the body wall

Question 6

Incarcerated hernia

Answer 6

herniated tissue that is trapped in an abdominal wall defect

Question 7

Incisional hernia

Answer 7

post operative herniation of tissue into tissue layers around an abdominal incision

Question 8

Indirect inguinal hernia

Answer 8

hernia that protrudes into the membranous sac of the spermatic cord

Question 9

Linea alba

Answer 9

strip of avascular tissue that follow the midline and extends from the pubis to the xiphoid process

Question 10

McBurney incision

Answer 10

incision in which the oblique right muscle is manually split to allow removal of the appendix

Question 11

Reduce

Answer 11

replace or push herniated tissue back into its normal anatomical position

Question 12

Strangulated hernia

Answer 12

hernia in which abdominal tissue has become trapped between the layers of an abdominal wall defect

Question 13

Ventral hernia

Answer 13

weakness in the abdominal wall, resulting in the protrusion of viscera against the peritoneum and abdominal fascia

Question 14

Viscera

Answer 14

organs or tissue of the abdominal cavity

Question 15

Anastomosis

Answer 15

surgical procedure in which two hollow structures are joined

Question 16

Billroth I procedure

Answer 16

gastroduodenostomy; surgical anastomosis of the stomach and the duodenum

Question 17

Billroth II procedure

Answer 17

gastrojejunostomy; surgical anastomosis of the stomach and the jejunum

Question 18

Bowel technique

Answer 18

method of preventing cross-contamination between the bowel contents and the abdominal cavity

Question 19

Exploratory laparotomy

Answer 19

laparotomy performed to examine the abdominal cavity when less invasive measures fail to confirm a diagnosis

Question 20

Gastrotomy

Answer 20

surgical opening through the stomach wall connecting to the outside of the body or another hollow structure

Question 21

Morbid obesity

Answer 21

condition in which the patient’s body mass index is 40 or higher, and the pt is at lease 100 lbs over the ideal body wt

Question 22

Stoma

Answer 22

opening created in a hollow organ and sutured to the skin to drain the organs contents

Question 23

Friable

Answer 23

descriptive term for tissue that means fragile and easily torn, may bleed profusely

Question 24

Lobectomy

Answer 24

surgical removal of one or more anatomical secretions of the liver

Question 25

Segmental resection

Answer 25

anatomical resection of the liver in which segments divided by specific blood vessels and biliary ducts are removed

Question 26

Mastectomy

Answer 26

a procedure in which breast tissue (incl. skin, areola, and nipple) is removed, lymphnodes NOT removed; simple masectomy

Question 27

Modified radical mastectomy

Answer 27

procedure in which the entire breast, nipple, and areolar region are removed; lymphnodes usually removed

Question 28

Sentinel lymphnode biopsy (SLNB)

Answer 28

procedure in which one or more lymph nodes are removed to determine whether a tumor has metastasized

Question 29

Skin flap

Answer 29

flap that is created by incising the skin and cutting it away from the underlying tissue to which it is attached

Question 30

Subcutaneous mastectomy

Answer 30

procedure in which the breast is removed, skin, nipple, and areola are left intact; lumpectomy

Question 31

Midline (upper and lower)

Answer 31

incision made through the skin, subc, and linea alba center of fascia layer to which the rectus muscles attach; exposure of lower esophagus, stomach, small intestine, liver, biliary system, spleen, pancreas, proximal colon

Question 32

Paramedian (upper and lower)

Answer 32

muscle splitting incision; less painful than a subcostal muscle-cutting incision for access to upper quadrants; exposure of right-> biliary system, pancreas, left-> spleen, sigmoid colon

Question 33

Subcostal

Answer 33

inscion follow the lower rib margin in a semicurved shape; painful postop, exposure of right-> biliary system, spleen, bilateral -> liver transplantation

Question 34

Inguinal (oblique)

Answer 34

incision used to gain access to the inguinal region for hernia repair; may be used for internal access to the spermatic cord; exposure of the muscles and fascia of inguinal abdominal wall, spermatic cord, inguinal ring, abdominal ring, inferior epigastric artery and vein

Question 35

Lower transverse (Pfannenstiel)

Answer 35

incision follow the natural skin fold to achieve cosmetic closure; exposure of uterus, adnexa, bladder, access for cesarean section

Question 36

Small intestine

Answer 36

proximal portion of the intestinal tract; extends from pylorus of stomach to proximal end of large intestine (d, i, j)

Question 37

Large intestine

Answer 37

Extends from the distal ileum to the rectum and divided into -> ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum

Question 38

Loop colostomy

Answer 38

double colostomy; both sections of cut bowel are brought out through the abdominal wall; allows bowel to remain nonfunctional for a period of healing

Question 39

Partial colectomy

Answer 39

performed to remove a section of diseased colon and restore continuity to the intestine

Question 40

Abdominoperineal resection

Answer 40

anus, rectum, and sigmoid colon are removed en bloc through combined abdominal and perineal incisions

Question 41

Appendectomy (open technique)

Answer 41

removal of the appendix where perforation has occurred, significant risk of perforation or abdominal mass discovered

Question 42

Appendectomy (laparoscopic approach)

Answer 42

removal of the appendix using a laparoscopic technique

Question 43

Hemorrhoidectomy

Answer 43

removal of hemorrhoids for pain management and to prevent bleeding and infection

Question 44

Excision of a pilonidal cyst

Answer 44

removal of pilonidal cyst (congenital defect where epithelial tissue develops below the surface of the skin in the area of the sacrum and coccyx)

Question 45

Excision of an anorectal fistula

Answer 45

excised to promote approsimation of tissue edges and close the tract

Question 46

Laparoscope cholecytectomy

Answer 46

laparoscopikc removal of gallbadder

Question 47

Splenectomy

Answer 47

removal of the spleen

Question 48

Pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure)

Answer 48

head of pancreas and duodenum and portion of the jejunum, distal stomach, and distal section of common bile duct removed, the biliary system, pancreatic system, and gi tract are reconstructed; curative or palliative tx for pancreatic cancer

Question 49

Laparoscop distal pancreatectomy

Answer 49

portion of the tail of the pancreas is removed for palliative tx of a malignant tumor or to remove a benign lesion

Question 50

Segmental resection of the liver

Answer 50

remove portion of the liver to treat benign or malignant tumor; removal of 1 or more of the 9 liver segments