Week 14 - Peripheral Vascular Surgery

Question 1

Aneurysm

Answer 1

ballooning of an artery as a result of weakening of the arterial wall

Question 2

Angioplasty

Answer 2

dilation of an artery using endovascular techniques

Question 3

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 3

ds characterized by thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the arterial wall

Question 4

Arteriotomy

Answer 4

incision made in an artery

Question 5

Artherosclerosis

Answer 5

causes plaque to form on inner surface of an artery

Question 6

Bifurcation

Answer 6

Y shape of an artery or graft

Question 7

Doppler duplex ultrasonography

Answer 7

type of ultrasoundography that amplifies sound that pass through tissue and produces a visual image of blood flow

Question 8

Embolus

Answer 8

moving substance in the vascular system

Question 9

Endarterectomy

Answer 9

surgical removal of plaque from inside an artery

Question 10

Hemodialysis

Answer 10

renal replacement therapy; process in which blood is shunted out of the body and end stage renal ds

Question 11

Hemodynamic

Answer 11

term referring to the pressure, flow, and resistance in the cardiovascular system

Question 12

Infarction

Answer 12

blockage in an artery that may lead to ischemia and necrosis

Question 13

In situ

Answer 13

“in natural position or normal place without distributing or invading surrounding tissues.”

Question 14

Intravascular ultrasound

Answer 14

diagnostic tool in which a transducer is introduced into an artery and ultrasound is used to translate the physical characteristics of the lumen into a visual image

Question 15

Ischemia

Answer 15

decrease in or absence of blood supply

Question 16

Lumen

Answer 16

inside of a hollow structure (blood vessel)

Question 17

Percutaneous

Answer 17

“through the skin,” in sx - incision not made, catheter or other device is introduced through or puncture site

Question 18

Stent

Answer 18

tubular device placed inside an artery for dilation, support, and prevention of stricture

Question 19

Thrombus

Answer 19

any organic or nonorganic material blocking an artery

Question 20

Umbilical tapes

Answer 20

length of cotton mesh tape used to loop around a blood vessel for retraction; vessel loop

Question 21

Venous stasis

Answer 21

pooling of blood in the veins and caused by inactivity or ds; caused by distention of the veins

Question 22

Vessel loop

Answer 22

device used to retract a vessel during sx

Question 23

Systolic pressure

Answer 23

higher pressure; occurs during contraction of ventricles

Question 24

Diastolic pressure

Answer 24

lower pressure; occurs during relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle

Question 25

Central venous line

Answer 25

central line, method of administering IV drugs, solns, parentral nutrients, and blood draws for pts requiring long or medium term tx; main line insertion end in vein, distal end outside of body

Question 26

Heparinized saline solution

Answer 26

used to prevent coagulation in the area of the operative sessels

Question 27

Topical thrombin

Answer 27

dry powder thats reconstituted with IV saline, coagulation

Question 28

Gelfoam

Answer 28

microfibrillar collagen hemostat, coagulant

Question 29

Intraoperative angiography

Answer 29

injection of contrast medium into a selected artery and its branches to determine exact location of structures, occlusion, or malformation

Question 30

Transluminal angioplasty

Answer 30

insertion of an arterial catheter or stent into an artery to establish patency and normal bloodflow

Question 31

Arteriovenous fistula (AV fistula)

Answer 31

direct anastomosis between an artery and vein

Question 32

Surgicel

Answer 32

hemostatic agent, oxidized cellulose polymer

Question 33

Thrombectomy

Answer 33

open procedure to remove a stationary clot in a blood vessel; restores circulation and prevents emboli

Question 34

Carotid endarterectomy

Answer 34

removal of artherosclerotic plaque from the carotid artery

Question 35

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)

Answer 35

a section of the abdominal aorta becomes thin and bulges b/c arterosclerotic plaque and progressive weakening of the aortic wall

Question 36

Endovascular abdominal aneurysm (EVAR)

Answer 36

the aortic aneurysm is approached through the femoral artery; multisectional graft introduced into the aorta through femoral artery under fluoroscopy

Question 37

Aortofemoral bypass

Answer 37

performed to treat aortoiliac occlusive ds, graft implanted between aorta and femoral arteries to bypass iliac arteries and restore circulation

Question 38

Femorofemoral bypass

Answer 38

involes implantation of a prosthetic graft that connects femoral artery on affected side to the opposite femoral artery; treat unilateral artherosclerotic ds in iliac artery

Question 39

Axillofemoral bypass

Answer 39

creates circulation between femoral arteries and axillary artery; restores circulation to lower extremity or bypass an infected aortic graft or aneurysm

Question 40

In situ saphenous femoropopliteal bypass

Answer 40

continuous incision made along entire saphenous vein, distal end is anastomosed to the popliteal artery, proximal vein is anastomosed to the large end of the femoral artery

Question 41

Femoropopliteal bypass

Answer 41

synthetic graft or autograft is implanted between the femoral and popliteal arteries

Question 42

Saphenous vein graft

Answer 42

greater saphenous vein is removed to provide an autograft for peripheral or coronary artery bypass

Question 43

Management of varicose veins

Answer 43

involves removal of dilated and tortuous (varicose) veins and their tributaries to prevent symptoms and to improve cosmetic appearance

Question 44

Above-the-knee amputation (AKA)

Answer 44

involves the surgical removal of the leg; performed when vascular insufficiency causes by arteriosclerotic or thromboembolic ds results in necrosis of the lower limb

Question 45

Polypropylene (Prolene)

Answer 45

synthetic, monofilament, nonabsorbable

Question 46

Polyhexafluoropropylene (Pronova)

Answer 46

nonabsorable, monofilamint

Question 47

Polyester (Mersilene)

Answer 47

nonabsorable, braided

Question 48

Tunnelled catheter

Answer 48

portion of the catheter is "embedded" or tunneled in SQ; used for long term IV tx, may have single or multiple lumens

Question 49

Non-tunneled catheter

Answer 49

used for short or medium term in tx

Question 50

Port

Answer 50

type of catheter with access port or reservoir that is implanted under the skin