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HISTORY OF MEDICINE > WEEK 9 (Medieval Medicine) > Flashcards

WEEK 9 (Medieval Medicine) Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe Early Medieval Medical Texts

A
  • Much simpler and poorer compilations
  • Mainly lists of drugs
  • Mainly in Latin
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2
Q

Describe medicine during the Dark ages

A
  • Monks played a key role
  • Lay doctors seen especially in Italy and Gaul
  • Jews replaced Greeks as the court of physicians
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3
Q

Towards the end of “Dark Ages” ________________ became increasingly important as centers of learning and medical learning

A

Cathedral schools

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4
Q

What was mainly found in the writings of the monks?

A
  • Translations
  • Practical writings maintaining infirmaries and herb gardens
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5
Q

The Library of the cloister of St Gall in Switzerland in the 9th century contains how many Medical books?

A

6 Medical books

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6
Q

Describe Early christianity’s influence on medicine

A

Emphasis on the interest in the soul as opposed to concern for bodily ills

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7
Q

What is Christianity’s original theory of disease?

A
  • Punishment for sins
  • Possession by the evil
  • Result of witchcraft
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8
Q

What is Christianity’s original therapeutic methods?

A
  • Prayer
  • Repentance
  • Assistance of saints
  • Every cure is a miracle
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9
Q

What did monk doctors such as Hrabanus Maurus and Strabo do?

A

They did not deny the fundamental connections between sin and disease

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10
Q

Why did the period of monastic medicine end?

A
  • COUNCIL OF CLERMONT in 1130 forbade monks from practicing medicine since it was too disruptive for orderly life in monastries
  • Medicine fell into the hand of SECULAR CLERGY
  • Arabic medicine
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11
Q

What was Salerno?

A

The first famous medical centre of the Middle Ages close to Arab Sicily

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12
Q

What was Montpellier?

A

The first medically outstanding medical university situated in Souther France near the Spanish border

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13
Q

Describe Salerno

A
  • Lay school
  • Combined Arabism with practical
  • Treatises contain descriptions of DYSENTERY and UROGENITAL DISEASES
  • Women were medical practitioners and teachers
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14
Q

Salerno’s curriculum was accepted by the University of Paris (TRUE/FALSE)

A

TRUE

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15
Q

Describe Medical education in Medieval Universities

A
  • Medical men were priests
  • Orderly medical education
  • Scholastic standards
  • International universities (No language barriers since Latin was used)
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16
Q

Describe Medical education in Medieval Universities

A
  • Medical men were priests
  • Orderly medical education
  • Scholastic standards
  • International universities (No language barriers since Latin was used)
17
Q

What was the Greatest period in the 13th century?

A

The Golden age for Montpellier

18
Q

Who were the famous doctors of the 13th century?

A
  • Bernard of Gordon
  • Gilbertus Anglicus
  • John Gaddesden
19
Q

Who is Arnold of Villanova?

A
  • A famous medieval physician that studied at Montpellier
  • Employed by princes for diplomatic missions
  • Critical attitude toward Galen
20
Q

Who advocated experimental attitude towards medicine?

A

Famous churchmen
- Albertus Magnus
- Roger Bacon

21
Q

Describe the Scholastic medicine of the second half of the Middle Ages

A
  • Repetition of Greek observations, theories and prescriptions
  • Numerous saints specialised in specific diseases
  • Authority, seasoning and dialectics were the backbone of medicine
22
Q

Anatomy in the 14th century became more observational and original (TRUE/FALSE)

A

TRUE

23
Q

What happened to surgery in the Middle Ages?

A
  • THE COUNCIL OF TOURS took surgery out of the hands of physicians
  • Surgery was left to barbers, bath-keepers, mountebanks and quaks
24
Q

Where was surgery practiced by physicians?

A

In Italy and Southern France

25
Q

Who was Lanfranc of Milan?

A
  • Sacileto’s pupil
  • Left Italy -> Italian surgery transmitted to France
  • Joined the College of St Cosme
  • Body physician of the French king Philip the Fair
  • Great authority
26
Q

Who was Henri de Mondeville?

A
  • A graduate of Montpellier
  • Body physician to Philip the Fair in later times
  • Emphasised studying anatomy
  • Opposed the idea of coction and “laudable pus”
27
Q

Who was Guy de Chauliac?

A
  • Excellent surgeon
  • Improved operations for the stone and cataract
  • Favored coction and “laudable pus”
28
Q

The church forbade dissections (TRUE/FALSE)

A

FALSE

The church NEVER forbade dissections. After the 13th century, dissections were practiced on an increasing scale.

29
Q

Why did anatomy remain unchanged despite dissections?

A
  • Doctors supervised dissections but did not actually observe what was being dissected
  • They saw what they were SUPPOSED to see according to GALEN
30
Q

What was the Black Death?

A

In 1348 the Black Death wiped out a large percentage of the European population

31
Q

What advancement came from the Black Death?

A
  • The quarantine
  • Church lost prestige and priests took advantage of performing funerals
  • Pessimistic outlooks
  • Some people turned to magic and witchcraft
  • Massive migration
32
Q

What happened in the Black Death?

A
  • Fleas jumped from rats to infest clothes of traders travelling from Asia to Europe
  • Took 4 years to reach all parts of Europe
  • Unsanitary conditions in towns and homes guaranteed the spread of disease
33
Q

What were the symptoms of the Bubonic plague?

A
  • Swelling
  • Black bruises
  • Heavy sweats
  • Convulsive coughing
  • People spat blood and stank (rotting flesh)
34
Q

What were attempts to stop the plague?

A
  • A doctor’s robe
  • Leeching

HISTORY OF MEDICINE (14 decks)

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