WEEK 14 (20th Century) Flashcards
Apart from certain types of cancer, what was attention focused on?
Morbidity rather than mortality
[emphasis changed from keeping people alive to keeping them fit]
Which types of fields developed in the 20th century?
- Endocrinology
- Nutrition
- Cell biology
- Every type of imaging (MRI, CT, Ultrasound)
The rapid progress of medicine was reinforced by what?
Communication between scientists throughout the world
Who was Peyton Rous?
He showed that a virus could cause a malignant tumour (SARCOMA) in chickens
What was the first effective drug for Syphilis?
Arsphenamine/Salvarsan
Who created the first drug for Syphilis?
Paul Ehrlich
Who created Arsphenamine/Salvarsan?
Paul Ehrlich
Who announced that Prontosil was active against LOCALISED streptococcal infections?
Gerhard Domagk
Who showed the efficacy of both Prontosil and Sulfanilamide in WIDESPREAD streptococcal infections?
Leonard Colebrook
Who discovered Penicillin in 1928?
Alexander Fleming
Who got the Nobel prize for the discovery of Penicillin?
Howard Florey & Ernst Chain
[Fleming didn’t get full recognition because he didn’t have money so couldn’t get Penicillin to its pure form]
Who were the three doctors that developed Streptomycin (drug against Tuberculosis)?
- Selman Waksman
- Albert Schatz
- Elizabeth Bugie
What was the first drug created against Tuberculosis?
Streptomycin
Who discovered the role of white blood cells in the immune reaction?
Elie Metchnikoff
Who created the blood test for syphilis?
August Von Wasserman
Who developed a skin test for Tuberculosis?
Charles Mantoux
When was the first efficient vaccine against Tetanus produced?
1930s
Who discovered the first vaccine against yellow fever?
Max Theiller
Who discovered the vaccine for polio?
Jonas Salk
_______________ introduced the term hormone
Ernest Starling
Who identified Epinephrine?
Sharpey-Schafer and George Oliver
Who isolated Epinephrine?
Jokichi Takamine
Who best isolated insulin?
Frederick Banting and Charles H
Who got the Nobel prize for the discovery of insulin?
Frederick G. Banting & John Macleod
What did Hopkins demonstrate?
The need for Thiamine in the diet
The name ‘Vitamin’ was suggested by ___________
Casimir Funk
What did Karl Landsteiner discover?
Blood groups
Which tropical disorders were compared during the 20th century?
- Malaria
- Yellow fever
- Leprosy
Who discovered the ECG?
Willem Einthoven
Who first used ultrasounds?
Dr George Ludwig
What did John Wild do?
First used ultrasound to assess the thickness of bowel tissue
Who is the father of Ultrasonography?
John Wild
Who invented the CT scanner?
Sir Godfrey Hounsfield
Who shared the Nobel prize in Medicine for CT scans?
Hounsfield & Cormack
In 1933 S.S Yudin used __________________
Cadaver blood
In 1937 B. Fantus used _________________
Living donors
Who came up with the routine of “scrubbing up”?
Hermann Kummell
Who introduced the general anaesthetic ‘Cyclopropane’?
Ralph Waters
Intravenous anaesthesia was introduced using Pentothal by _________________
John Lundy
In 1942 Griffith and Johnson produced muscular paralysis by the injection of ________________
Curare
In 1905 who conducted the first cornea transplant?
Eduard Zirm
In 1954 who conducted the first successful kidney transplant?
J. Hartwell Harrison & Joseph Murray
