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HISTORY OF MEDICINE > WEEK 14 (20th Century) > Flashcards

WEEK 14 (20th Century) Flashcards

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1
Q

Apart from certain types of cancer, what was attention focused on?

A

Morbidity rather than mortality

[emphasis changed from keeping people alive to keeping them fit]

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2
Q

Which types of fields developed in the 20th century?

A
  • Endocrinology
  • Nutrition
  • Cell biology
  • Every type of imaging (MRI, CT, Ultrasound)
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3
Q

The rapid progress of medicine was reinforced by what?

A

Communication between scientists throughout the world

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4
Q

Who was Peyton Rous?

A

He showed that a virus could cause a malignant tumour (SARCOMA) in chickens

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5
Q

What was the first effective drug for Syphilis?

A

Arsphenamine/Salvarsan

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6
Q

Who created the first drug for Syphilis?

A

Paul Ehrlich

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7
Q

Who created Arsphenamine/Salvarsan?

A

Paul Ehrlich

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8
Q

Who announced that Prontosil was active against LOCALISED streptococcal infections?

A

Gerhard Domagk

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9
Q

Who showed the efficacy of both Prontosil and Sulfanilamide in WIDESPREAD streptococcal infections?

A

Leonard Colebrook

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10
Q

Who discovered Penicillin in 1928?

A

Alexander Fleming

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11
Q

Who got the Nobel prize for the discovery of Penicillin?

A

Howard Florey & Ernst Chain

[Fleming didn’t get full recognition because he didn’t have money so couldn’t get Penicillin to its pure form]

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12
Q

Who were the three doctors that developed Streptomycin (drug against Tuberculosis)?

A
  • Selman Waksman
  • Albert Schatz
  • Elizabeth Bugie
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13
Q

What was the first drug created against Tuberculosis?

A

Streptomycin

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14
Q

Who discovered the role of white blood cells in the immune reaction?

A

Elie Metchnikoff

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15
Q

Who created the blood test for syphilis?

A

August Von Wasserman

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16
Q

Who developed a skin test for Tuberculosis?

A

Charles Mantoux

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17
Q

When was the first efficient vaccine against Tetanus produced?

A

1930s

18
Q

Who discovered the first vaccine against yellow fever?

A

Max Theiller

19
Q

Who discovered the vaccine for polio?

A

Jonas Salk

20
Q

_______________ introduced the term hormone

A

Ernest Starling

21
Q

Who identified Epinephrine?

A

Sharpey-Schafer and George Oliver

22
Q

Who isolated Epinephrine?

A

Jokichi Takamine

23
Q

Who best isolated insulin?

A

Frederick Banting and Charles H

24
Q

Who got the Nobel prize for the discovery of insulin?

A

Frederick G. Banting & John Macleod

25
Q

What did Hopkins demonstrate?

A

The need for Thiamine in the diet

26
Q

The name ‘Vitamin’ was suggested by ___________

A

Casimir Funk

27
Q

What did Karl Landsteiner discover?

A

Blood groups

28
Q

Which tropical disorders were compared during the 20th century?

A
  • Malaria
  • Yellow fever
  • Leprosy
29
Q

Who discovered the ECG?

A

Willem Einthoven

30
Q

Who first used ultrasounds?

A

Dr George Ludwig

31
Q

What did John Wild do?

A

First used ultrasound to assess the thickness of bowel tissue

32
Q

Who is the father of Ultrasonography?

A

John Wild

33
Q

Who invented the CT scanner?

A

Sir Godfrey Hounsfield

34
Q

Who shared the Nobel prize in Medicine for CT scans?

A

Hounsfield & Cormack

35
Q

In 1933 S.S Yudin used __________________

A

Cadaver blood

36
Q

In 1937 B. Fantus used _________________

A

Living donors

37
Q

Who came up with the routine of “scrubbing up”?

A

Hermann Kummell

38
Q

Who introduced the general anaesthetic ‘Cyclopropane’?

A

Ralph Waters

39
Q

Intravenous anaesthesia was introduced using Pentothal by _________________

A

John Lundy

40
Q

In 1942 Griffith and Johnson produced muscular paralysis by the injection of ________________

A

Curare

41
Q

In 1905 who conducted the first cornea transplant?

A

Eduard Zirm

42
Q

In 1954 who conducted the first successful kidney transplant?

A

J. Hartwell Harrison & Joseph Murray

HISTORY OF MEDICINE (14 decks)

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