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HISTORY OF MEDICINE > WEEK 5 (Medicine in Ancient China) > Flashcards

WEEK 5 (Medicine in Ancient China) Flashcards

1
Q

Who are the three emperors that make up the roots of Chinese Medicine and when were they born?

A
  • Fu Xi (2900 BCE)
  • Shen Nong (2700 BCE)
  • Huangdi (2600 BCE)
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2
Q

What is the importance in the reign of Fu Xi?

A

Came up with the concept of Yin and Yang

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3
Q

What is the importance in the reign of Shen Nong?

A

Acupuncture and many of the medicines

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4
Q

What is the importance in the reign of Huangdi?

A

Huangdi is supposed to be the author of HUANGDI NEIJING (The Inner Canon of the Yellow Emperor) which is the classic book of internal diseases

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5
Q

What is the importance of Yang?

A
  • Associated with the heavens
  • Related to exterior elements that are LIGHT and MALE
  • Action and Transformation
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6
Q

Which organs are associated with Yang?

A
  • The large intestine
  • Small intestine
  • Gallbladder
  • Stomach
  • Bladder
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7
Q

Which organs are associated with Yin?

A
  • Heart
  • Liver
  • Lung
  • Kidney
  • Spleen
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8
Q

What is the importance of Yin?

A
  • Associated with the Earth
  • Related to interior elements that are PASSIVE, DARK and FEMALE
  • Circulation
  • Nourishment
  • Growth
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9
Q

What are the five Wu Xing elements?

A
  • Wood
  • Fire
  • Earth
  • Metal
  • Water
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10
Q

What are the properties of Wood (Wu Xing element)?

A

LIFE CYCLE = Birth
SEASON = Spring
DIRECTION = East
COLOUR = Green-blue
FORM = Long
ENERGY = Growth
ORGAN = Liver
EMOTION = Anger

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11
Q

What are the properties of Fire (Wu Xing element)?

A

LIFE CYCLE = Growth
SEASON = Summer
DIRECTION = South
COLOUR = Red
FORM = Triangle
ENERGY = Radiation
ORGAN = Heart
EMOTION = Manic

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12
Q

What are the properties of Earth (Wu Xing element)?

A

LIFE CYCLE = Maturity
SEASON = In between seasons
DIRECTION = Center
COLOUR = Yellow
FORM = Square
ENERGY = Connection
ORGAN = Spleen
EMOTION = Worry

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13
Q

What are the properties of Metal (Wu Xing element)?

A

LIFE CYCLE = Decay
SEASON = Fall
DIRECTION = West
COLOUR = White
FORM = Round
ENERGY = Solidification
ORGAN = Lung
EMOTION = Sorrow

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14
Q

What are the properties of Water (Wu Xing element)?

A

LIFE CYCLE = Death
SEASON = Winter
DIRECTION = North
COLOUR = Black
FORM = Irregular
ENERGY = Spreading
ORGAN = Kidney
EMOTION = Fear

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15
Q

Describe the life force “Chi”

A
  • Motivating energy that moves through a series of channels beneath the skin (also called MERIDIANS)
  • If a person is feeling well = energy flow is similar to quickly flowing river
  • Irritability/an actual illness = Blocked flow of energy causing imbalance
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16
Q

Describe diagnostics in Ancient China

A
  • Diseases categorised by DEGREE OF SICKNESS
  • Examination of a patient involved INTERROGATION of the patient and the family to gain a case history of behaviour patterns as well as current symptoms
  • All SENSES involved
  • 51 different types of PULSE (symptomatic of various health issues)
  • 37 shades of TONGUE COLOUR
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17
Q

What were some things done during diagnosing patients?

A
  • Yellowing of the eyes = ill health of liver
  • Surface of the ear inspected = identify kidney disease
  • Lips examined = Spleen problems
  • Palpating body for tenderness, observing patient’s voice, comparing temp of the body & noting particular odors
  • Asking direct questions
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18
Q

There was minimal physical contact between physician and patient (TRUE/FALSE)

A

TRUE

19
Q

Did Physicians see their female patients?

A

NO

women patients were concealed behind a screen for examination & servant or husband acted as an intermediary

20
Q

What is Acupuncture?

A

A process of inserting fine metal needles into specific points along the body

21
Q

What is Moxibustion?

A

The burning of combustible plant material to create small blisters on the skin

22
Q

What is the importance of Acupuncture?

A
  • 365 points along the body recommended as insertion points
  • Help restore the balance of energy (chi) in the body
  • Points thought to correspond with various organs of the body
  • Located on 14 meridians running the length of the body
  • Needles of various sizes for specific ailments & varying depths of insertion
23
Q

What happens after the insertion of a needle in acupuncture?

A

Needle is twirled or vibrated to restore the energy channels

24
Q

Where was Acupuncture thought to have evolved from?

A

A time when the needles were used to train pus or blood from an abscess

25
Q

What was Moxibustion recommended for?

A
  • Chronic conditions
  • General weakness
  • Toothache
  • Headache
  • Gout
26
Q

What did Moxibustion scars protect against?

A

Snakebites and foreign diseases before travel

27
Q

What was learning medicine like in ancient china?

A
  • By studying under a healer called RUYI
  • Through book learning/Apprenticeship passed down through a family of healers called SHIYI
28
Q

What were the different types of physicians?

A
  • Scholar physicians
  • Food physicians
  • Physicians for simple diseases
  • Ulcer Physicians (SURGEONS)
  • Physicians for animals
  • Chief of Physicians
  • Charlatans
  • Women served as midwives and wet nurses
29
Q

What were the doctrines of Chinese medicine?

A
  • Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon
  • Recipe for Fifty-Two Ailments
  • Treatise on Cold Damage
  • Documentation of Chinese materia medica (few dozen drugs were described)
  • Nanjing
30
Q

Which diseases were well described in Ancient Chinese Medicine?

A
  • Diabetes
  • Smallpox
  • Dysentery
  • Measles
  • Cholera
31
Q

Was itch mite known?

A

YES

32
Q

How many forms of smallpox were known?

A

42

33
Q

Were diseases prevented through inoculation?

A

YES

34
Q

Were the Ancient Chinese aware of the connection between high rat mortality and plague epidemics?

A

YES

35
Q

What was legal medicine like?

A

Well organised as early as the 13th century AD

36
Q

What was used for identification of criminals?

A

Fingerprints

37
Q

What was Public Health like?

A

Poorly developed

38
Q

Describe Ancient Chinese Pharmacology

A
  • Early Chinese pharmacology is thought to date back to emperor SHEN NONG
  • First true document of prescriptions was THE BENCAO GANGMU
  • MA HONG (a physician who lived during the second millennium) recommended a drug derived from EPHEDRA SINICA for coughs & lung ailments [STILL USED TODAY - EPHEDRINE]
  • Chinese used iron for anaemia and Chaulmoogra oil for leprosy
  • Ginseng used to give strength to a patient and prolong life
39
Q

What was “Match ups” referred to?

A

Placebo effect

40
Q

What was a red herb used to treat?

A

The heart because it was red

41
Q

What were upper parts of plants used to treat?

A

Upper parts of the body

42
Q

What was used to treat syphilis?

A
  • Remedies made of donkey skin
  • Urine from various animals
  • Human bones
43
Q

What substances were used in Chinese pharmacology?

A
  • Cod-liver oil
  • Mineral substances: iron, arsenic and mercury

HISTORY OF MEDICINE (14 decks)

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