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HISTORY OF MEDICINE > WEEK 3 (Medicine in Ancient Egypt) > Flashcards

WEEK 3 (Medicine in Ancient Egypt) Flashcards

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1
Q

Why were the “Sheperds of the anus” the most respected doctors?

A

Since the ancient egyptians believed that all diseases entered through the anus

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2
Q

Which organ did the ancient Egyptians believe was the most important?

A

Heart

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3
Q

Why were Pest control officers considered healers?

A

The removal of insects prevented the spread of infection

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4
Q

Were female physicians allowed to treat male patients?

A

NO

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5
Q

How long was Ancient Egypt stable and thriving for?

A

3000 years

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6
Q

Where were invaluable clues about Ancient Egyptian medicine found?

A

Hieroglyphics & Medical writings

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7
Q

What did the Early Egyptians believe about health?

A
  • Everyone was born healthy but evil spirits sometimes enter the body and need to be banished using prayers, magic spells and magic poems
  • Body fluids move through the body’s vessels like the Nile
  • Heart is key to life
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8
Q

What adjustments to cleanliness did the Ancient Egyptians make?

A
  • Water closets at home
  • Waste water carried out of houses in copper pipes
  • Mosquito nets
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9
Q

Surgery for amputations involved the use of a knife made out of which material?

A

Flint or Obsidian

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10
Q

What were the different types of Healers?

A
  • Physicians
  • Exorcists
  • Priests of Sekhmet (surgeons/specialists in feeling the pulse and treating diseases of vessels)
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11
Q

Were females allowed to be doctors?

A

YES

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12
Q

Who was Lady Peseshet?

A

Lady overseer of the lady physicians

[whether she was a physician herself is uncertain]

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13
Q

Who was Imhotep?

A
  • Egyptian who was elevated by the greeks to the status of the god of medicine
  • Key advisor to Pharaoh Djoser
  • Designer of one of the earliest pyramids “STEP PYRAMID”
  • Healing method was incubation (sleeping & dreaming)
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14
Q

Who is generally considered the author of the Edwin Smith Papyrus?

A

Imhotep

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15
Q

Edwin Smith Papyrus

A
  • “Book of wounds”
  • 1600 BC
  • Descriptions of 48 different medical cases involving the treatment of various types of wounds
  • Wounds and recommended cures organised by body part
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16
Q

What treatments were involved in the Edwin Smith Papyrus?

A
  • Placing raw meat on wounds
  • Honey to stimulate creation of white blood cells
  • Sour/mouldy bread for wound treatment
  • Rubbing head of patient with headache for 4 days with poultice made of skull of catfish
17
Q

What were the different classes of physicians written in the Edwin Smith Papyrus?

A
  • Swnw “Doctor of the people”
  • Wabw “Pure”
  • Saw “Guardian”
18
Q

Swnw (Doctor of the people)

A
  • Lowest of the medical people
  • Self-taught (trial and error)
  • Junior doctor = swnw
  • Senior doctors = wr-swnw
19
Q

Wabw (Pure)

A
  • Higher status
  • Patients are more privileged
  • Administered medicine & religious rites
20
Q

Saw (Guardian)

A
  • Patients were royalty & elites
  • Education and training within palace schools
  • Formal apprenticeships
  • Techniques of wabw & magic & sorcery
  • Health ministers
21
Q

Ebers Papyrus

A
  • Begins with 3 incantations to be used when giving remedies or removing bandages
  • Broken into multiple books
  • Specific volumes on internal diseases, eye and skin ailments
  • Obstetrics, contraception and dentistry discussed separately
  • 8th book is anatomy & physiology (good description of circulatory system)
  • 876 prescriptions
  • 500 substances
22
Q

What is the 4 step method for conducting a clinical exam mentioned in the Elbers Papyrus?

A

1) Preliminary diagnosis/Prognosis (decide whether to treat patient)
2) Examination of patient
3) Diagnosis
4) Plan for treatment

23
Q

How do you Examine a patient?

A
  • Use all 5 senses in evaluation
  • Check pulse rate
  • Palpate male patients
  • Taste and sniff the patient’s bodily fluids

(Known as the four step method)

24
Q

What did the Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus include?

A
  • Female health issues
  • Description of a method for revealing whether a woman was pregnant or not and determine the gender of the baby
    [if barley grew = pregnant with a boy, if wheat grew = pregnant with a girl, if nothing grew = not pregnant]
25
Q

List of other medical Papyri

A
  • Berlin Papyrus (1300 BC)
  • Hearst Papyrus (1500 BC)
  • London Papyrus (1350 BC)
26
Q

What was introduced to the health of pyramid workers?

A
  • Health insurance
  • Exemptions or assignments to “light duties”
  • Pensions for someone who was deemed incapacitated
  • Pensions & Sick leave
27
Q

What are examples of Egyptian medicines?

A
  • Raw liver for night blindness
  • Vaginal contraceptive made of crocodile oil, gum acacia/honey and natron
  • Opium poppy
28
Q

What were the two classes of dentists?

A

Dentists & Great dentist

29
Q

In which Papyrus included the “Four step method” of diagnosis?

A

Eber’s Papyrus

30
Q

What dental issues was most prevalent in Ancient Egypt?

A

Tooth decay

(Since bread was so sticky)

HISTORY OF MEDICINE (14 decks)

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