WEEK 10 (Renaissance Medicine) Flashcards
Describe Renaissance Medicine
- Age of artistic creation
- Start of modern medicine and science
- Age of extreme fifth in the cities & worldwide spread of disease
- Believed in witches
What are the correlations between art and medicine?
- Anatomy was influenced by art
- Thousand-year-old schematic illustrations were replaced by new realistic designs
Doctors, Apothecaries and Painters in Florence belonged to the same guild (TRUE/FALSE)
TRUE
Who was Leonardo Da Vinci?
An artist, scientist and engineer who left a great number of anatomical drawings of unprecedented quality based on numerous dissections
Which decree allowed both physicians and artist to dissect?
Sixtus’s decree
What was the Posthumous book of Antonio Benivieni on hidden causes of disease?
- Published in Florence in 1507
- One of the first attempts to establish a close connection between autopsy findings and clinical observation during life
- Work covered 22 case reports
What was important about Jean Fernel?
- Regarded gonorrhoea as a separate disease (though final separation only in the middle of the 19th century)
- Opposed to astrology
- Criticised Galen but was still faithful to old humoural theories
What did Jean Fernel provide descriptions of?
- Clinical signs of influenza
- Mode of infection in Syphilis
- Postmortem findings in tuberculosis, ulcerative endocarditis, a stone filling the renal pelvis
- Perforated appendix
What was important about Guillaume de Baillou?
- The first clinical description of whooping cough
- Introduced the notion of rheumatism
- Revived the epidemiological theories of Hippocrates
When was Bedside teaching introduced?
Renaissance period
The name “Syphilis” is derived from the poem of _____________________
Girolamo Fracastoro
[Girolamo Fracastoro was a physician, poem, physicist, geologist and astrologist]
What was Syphilis generally called?
- French disease
- Neapolitan disease
- Big pox
What were the theories behind Syphilis?
- Syphilis was already prevalent in Europe and in the rest of the world
- The French acquired from Spaniards at Naples and Spaniards were infected through the sailors of Columbus
What theory was Girolamo Fracastoro (Fracastorius) famous for?
He concluded that epidemic diseases were produced by small germs which had the power to multiply in the body of patient -> These were spread either from person to person, at a distance or through infected objects -> Therapeutics deduced from his theory
Which diseases did Girolamo Fracastoro describe and analyse?
- Smallpox
- Measles
- Bubonic plague
- Phtisisis
- Leprosy
- English sweat
- Syphilis
- Typhus
- Several skin diseases
Who was Berengarius of Carpi?
- Provided first anatomical drawings based on more than a hundred dissections
- Described a great number of new structures (sphenoid sinus, appendix and hepatic circulation)
Who is the father of Modern Anatomy?
Andreas Vesalius
What was Andreas Vesalius famous for?
- Dissections convinced him that Galen was wrong about many aspects of human anatomy and function
- He wrote “de Humani Corporis Fabrica”
[with Stephen van Calcar]
What did Eustachius describe?
- Eustachian tubes
- The suprarenals
- The thoracic duct
- The abducens nerve
Who is the Father of Toxicology?
Paracelsus
What was important about Paracelsus?
- Described different toxins and how to differentiate them
- How to determine if a toxin was treatment or poison
Who was the first to connect goitre and cretinism?
Paracelsus
Who was the first to write a book on miners’ disease?
Paracelsus
Describe surgery during the Renaissance period
- Rebirth of surgery and its elevation to a much higher level
- Lowly barbers became surgeons
- Introduction of gunpowder = An increased need for the surgeons
What was important about Ambrose Pare?
- A French barber who was too poor to join academic surgeons so became a surgeon in the French army -> finally got the title “surgeon” after his achievements
- Stopped the practice of castration in hernia repair
- Went back to CAUTERISATION-ONLY
Who is the father of Surgery?
Ambrose Pare
