WEEK 1 (History of Medicine)

Question 1

What is Paleopathology?

Answer 1

The study of ancient people and their illnesses

Question 2

The pathology of fossil mammals is essentially the same as that observed in ______________

Answer 2

big reptiles

Question 3

The bones of cave bears of the Pleistocene epoch is evidence of which condition?

Answer 3

Arthritis

Question 4

What are the statistics of the Adolph Shultz studies?

Answer 4

• Killed and dissected a whole colony of GIBBONS in Malaysia
• Very high % of fractures, arthritis and osteitis
• 90% suffered from FILARIASIS
• 10% from MALARIA
• 40% some kind of TRYPANOSOMIASIS
• CARIES, SINUSITIS, HERNIA & CRYPTORCHIDISM

Question 5

Which conditions were NOT seen in Egyptian skeletons?

Answer 5

Syphilis & Rickets

Question 6

Which conditions WERE seen in Egyptian skeletons?

Answer 6

• Arthritis
• Poliomyelitis
• Tuberculosis
• Fractures
• Inflammatory processes
• Tumors
• Dwarfism
• Osteoporosis

Question 7

What conditions did Egyptian mummies reveal?

Answer 7

• Highly developed arteriosclerosis
• Pneumonia
• Pleurisy
• Kidney stones
• Gallstones
• Appendicitis
• Shistomosiasis (parasitic worms)
• Smallpox
• Prolapsus of the uterus and intestines

Question 8

Which conditions were seen in Peruvian Indians?

Answer 8

• Arthritis
• Sinusitis
• Bone tumors
• Osteoporosis
• Tuberculosis of vertebral column
• Syphilitic changes

Question 9

Which conditions were seen in mummies of the “Basketmakers”?

Answer 9

• Arteriosclerosis
• Bronchopneumonia
• Silicosis

Question 10

What is Trepanning?

Answer 10

Cutting or drilling holes in patients’ skull using flint tools

Question 11

What is the oldest known surgical procedure?

Answer 11

Trepanning

Question 12

What was the purpose of Trepanning?

Answer 12

• To relieve the pressure caused by depressed skull fractures
• To treat seizures/mental health disorders
• To release evil spirits from the patient’s head

Question 13

The earliest trepanning operations were carried out using what?

Answer 13

A wooden bow drill moved with a sawing motion

Question 14

Finger amputations depicted on the walls of caverns revealed that it was a ____________ nature

Answer 14

religious

Question 15

Describe Primitive medicine

Answer 15

• Medicine of contemporary savages
• Magico-religous or supernaturalistic idead concerning the causes of disease
• Majority of diseases are sent by ghosts, spirits or gods offended by taboo violation
• Anatomical knowledge is poor

Question 16

Which treatments were used in Primitive medicine?

Answer 16

• Dry cupping (sucking out of invisible disease producing foreign bodies)
• Magic spells
• Application of medicines (magic power)
• Driving out intruding spirits by noise, beating the patient and by bloodletting
• Haunting of the abducted soul
• Confession
• Amulets
• Ritual mutilations (e.g circumcision)
• Ritual scarification

Question 17

Describe Primitive surgery

Answer 17

• Operations out of supernatural rather than technical
• Amputations for religious reasons and not infected limb

Question 18

In the era of Ancient Greece, which ideas were medical actions based on?

Answer 18

• Religious
• Mythologic
• Cosmologic

Question 19

In ancient history, hospitals have been documented in which subcontinents?

Answer 19

• Greece
• Rome
• India