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Clinical Medicine - OT > Week 9 - Arthroplasty > Flashcards

Week 9 - Arthroplasty Flashcards

1
Q

What is arthroplasty?

A

Joint replacement where diseased parts of the joint are removed and replaced with a new artificial parts (prosthesis)

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2
Q

What are the goals/purpose of arthroplasty?

A

Decrease pain
Increase function
Improve ROM
Decrease deformity

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3
Q

When is arthroplasty indicated?

A

When it will improve quality of life.

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4
Q

What conditions can cause the need for arthroplasty?

A 
OA
RA
Trauma
Damage to articular cartilage
Congenital deformity
Avascular necrosis
Bone tumours
Osteoporosis
Arthritis
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5
Q

What are the goals of a total hip arthroplasty?

A

To improve mobility, increase ROM, reduce pain and improve hip joint function

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6
Q

What does surgical management involve for THA?

A

Removal of diseased bone and cartilage
Head of femur and acetabulum are replaced with artificial parts.
It can be cemented or uncemented and takes 2-3 hours

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7
Q

What are the 2 main types of hip prosthesis?

A

Thompsons

Austin Moore

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8
Q

What materials are used for hip prosthesis?

A

Metal and ceramic

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9
Q

What are the 2 most common approaches for THR?

A

Posterolateral

Anterolateral

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10
Q

What is the average hospital stay for THR?

A

3-11 days

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11
Q

When do THR undertake physiotherapy?

A

Day one

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12
Q

When do THR undertake OT?

A

Day 4-5

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13
Q

What is the hip precaution period?

A

3 months

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14
Q

What is to be avoided during the hip precaution period?

A 
Hip flexion beyond 90 degrees
Internal rotation
Adduction
Pressure - heavy lifting etc
Pressure on the wound
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15
Q

What are potential complications of THR?

A 
Hip dislocation
Inflammatory reaction
Infection
Peri-prosthetic fracture
Prosthesis failure
Blood clots (DVT)
Leg length discrepancies
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16
Q

What is the most common indication for TKR?

A

Symptomatic degenerative arthritis (OA) of the knee joint, RA and TA

17
Q

What is the aim of TKR?

A

Improve mobility
Increase ROM
Reduce pain
Maintain alignment and stability of the knee joint

18
Q

What are the 3 considerations of TKR surgery?

A

Approach
Type of prosthesis
Cemented/uncemented

19
Q

How long does a TKR take?

A

2-3 hours

20
Q

What are the 3 types of TKR prosthesis?

A

Unicompartmental
Bicompartmental
Tricompartmental

21
Q

How long is the hospital stay for TKR>

A

5-7 days

22
Q

When do TKR see PT?

A

Day 1

23
Q

When do TKR see OT?

A

Day 4/5

24
Q

What is the length of knee precautions?

A

3 months

25
Q

What should be avoided in TKR precaution periods?

A 
Kneeling
Excessive flexion
Heavy lifting
Sudden jolts
Pivoting/Twisting operated leg
Jumping even from low surfaces
Gaining weight
Slips or falls
26
Q

What complications can arise from TKR?

A 
Prosthetic failure
Peri-prosthetic fracture
Knee dislocation
Inflammatory reaction
Infection
Blood clots (DVT)
27
Q

What are the other types of arthroplasty apart from TKR and THR?

A

Shoulder replacement
Elbow replacement
MCP joint
PIP joint

28
Q

What is the most important prognosticating factor for improved outcomes?

A

Pre-morbid function and mobility

29
Q

What should pre-operative programs include?

A

Preparation for surgery - strengthening ADL training, home assessment, education

Recovery from Surgery - Precautionary periods
Exercises and post-op procedures, use of mobility aids

30
Q

What psychological factors need to be considered pre-operatively?

A 
Ageing process
Life threatening nature of surgery
Loss of role/occupation
Anxiety
Chronic pain
Reduced self esteem
31
Q

What does ACI stand for?

A

Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation

32
Q

What is ACI?

A

Autologous chondrocyte implantation is a biomedical treatment that repairs damages in articular cartilage.

33
Q

What is mosaicplasty?

A

Cylindrical plugs of healthy bone and cartilage are inserted into holes in the damaged part of the knee

34
Q

When is mosaicplasty indicated?

A

For people with chondral and osteochondral lesions

Clinical Medicine - OT (35 decks)

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