Week 2 - Cardiac Conditions Flashcards
What is atherosclerosis?
Atherosclerosis is a disease of the arteries caused by a build up of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on the artery walls, causing them to harden and narrow.
What is Coronary Artery Disease?
Damage or disease in the heart’s major blood vessels.
The usual cause is the build-up of plaque. This causes coronary arteries to narrow, limiting blood flow to the heart.
What is angina?
A type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart. Reproducible symptoms, so happens under certain conditions and not others, eg. exercise.
What is a myocardial infarction?
AMI or Heart attack - blood flow is blocked to the heart and the cardiac muscle dies.
What is atrial fibrillation?
Atrial fibrillation is an irregular and often very rapid heart rhythm (arrhythmia) that can lead to blood clots in the heart.
What is heart failure?
The heart can’t pump enough blood to meet the body’s need for blood and oxygen.
What is the lumen of the artery?
The inside space or tube
What are the 5 risk factors of heart disease?
- Hypercholesterolemia
- Smoking
- Diabetes
- Hypertension
- Genetic component
What are the 5 stages of atherosclerosis?
- Intimal thickening
- Fatty streak
- Fibroatheroma
4, Plaque formation - Blood flow restriction
What is intimal thickening?
Wall thickening of the intima - cellular changes that cause the inner layer of the artery to thicken, decreasing the size of the lumen.
What is fibroatheroma?
The formation of fibrous tissue due to migration of cells
What is fibroatheroma?
Migration of cells, causing fibrous tissue to form
What are the 2 types of plaque?
Soft and hard
What is the common cause of coronary artery disease?
Atherosclerosis
What conditions can Coronary Artery Disease cause?
- Angina
- Myocardial infarction
- Arrythmias
- Heart failure
What conditions can Coronary Artery Disease cause?
- Angina
- Myocardial infarction
- Arrythmias
- Heart failure
What is arrythmia?
Improper beating of the heart, whether irregular, too fast or too slow.
What causes arrythmia?
Cardiac arrhythmia occurs when electrical impulses in the heart don’t work properly.
What causes arrythmia?
Cardiac arrhythmia occurs when electrical impulses in the heart don’t work properly.
What are the 2 reasons for heart failure?
- The heart is unable to pump
2. The heart is unable to fill sufficiently
What causes heart failure?
A severe cardiac infarction or multiple insults to the heart over time
What are modifiable risk factors for heart disease?
Smoking hypertension hypercholesterolemia obesity physical inactivity excessive alcohol consumption dietary factors
True or false. Smoking increases your risk of cardiovascular disease by 4 times?
True
True or false. Physical activity increases your risk of cardiovascular disease by 2 times?
False. Physical INactivity increases your risk of cardiovascular disease by 2 times.
What are non-modifiable risk factors of heart disease?
Age gender diabetes renal disease mental illness family history genetic
True or false, as age increases, risk of cardiovascular disease increases?
True
True or false, women in general have increased risk of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease over a lifetime?
False, MEN have increased risk
True or false, men have a higher risk than women of having cardiovascular disease when they are younger?
True