Week 12 - Health issues for an Ageing Population Part 2 Flashcards
What exacerbates pain and disability?
Poverty
Access to healthcare
Health literacy
What is pain associated with?
Depression Anxiety Reduced participation Mobility Isolation Sleep disturbances
What are the signs and symptoms of OA?
Pain, reduced ROM and swelling
Where does OA usually occur?
Large joints: hips, knees, shoulders
Hands and fingers
Spine
Where do 70% of falls resulting in hospitalisation occur?
In the home or aged care facility
How many people over 65 fall each year?
1 in 3
True or false, rates of injurious falls are greater at home than in aged care facilities?
False, higher rates of injurious falls in the aged care setting
What is the cycle of falling?
Fall >>> Fear of falling again >>> Inactivity >>> Decrease in muscle strength >>> Imbalanced gait >>> Increased risk of falling >>> Fall >>>
What are the risk factors of falls?
Impairments in balance, gait and strength Impairment in reaction time Impairments in vision Use of multiple medications Depression Cycle of deconditioning and fear of falls Inappropriate footwear Environmental hazards
What are some interventions for falls?
Exercise - individual/group, falls specific or mobility focused Home assessment or modification Medication review Eyesight and glasses review Cardiac function Education Footwear
What are cardiac causes of falls?
Syncope - Temporary loss of conscious due to lack of blood supply
Presyncope - light headedness
What are vestibular causes of falls?
BPPV
Vestibular neuronitis
Meiners disease
What is incontinence?
Any accidental or involuntary loss of urine of faeces
Can range in severity from a small leak in predictable situations to full loss of control or constant leaking
What are risk factors of incontinence?
Gender Age Pregnancy and childbirth Prostate problems Pelvic surgery or radiation Impaired physical functioning Reduced physical activity Diabetes Obesity Cognitive impairment Neurological conditions
What are the two types of incontinece?
Stress incontinence Urge incontinence Mixed incontinence Overflow incontinence Functional incontinence
How is incontinence managed?
Thorough assessment Surgery Rehabilitation Pharmacological Incontinence aids
What are the most common vision problems seen in ageing?
Cataracts
Macular degeneration
Glaucoma
Diabetic retinopathy
What are cataracts?
The clouding of the lens/visual field. It causes blurring, decreased colour and glare sensitivity
What is macular degeneration?
Loss of fine detail, with central vision most affected
What is glaucoma?
A change in pressure in the eye
What is diabetic retinopathy?
Changes to the small vessels and retina in the eye
What is delirium?
The global impairment of mental function with disturbance of consciousness
What are the signs and symptoms of delirium?
Confusion Drowsiness Perceptual disturbances Emotional Disturbances Psychomotor changes Fluctuating
What are the 4 main criteria of delirium diagnosis?
Rapid onset
Fluctuating
Impairment of attention
Change in cognitive function or perceptual disturbance
What causes delirium?
Infection Cardiac failure Hypoxia Electrolyte disturbance End organ dysfunction Stroke Medications Withdrawal Trauma Pain Surgery
What information is required for delirium diagnosis?
Collateral history
Review recent changes
Investigate for acute illness and reversible causes - blood test, infection screen and neurological investigation
How is delirium managed?
Reassurance
Reorientation
Routine
