Week 1 - Frameworks for health, disability and functioning Flashcards
What it the wellness model of health?
Health promotion and progress towards higher
functioning, energy, comfort and integration of mind, body and spirit.
What is the Environmental model of health?
The adaptation to physical and social surroundings – a balance free from undue pain, discomfort or disability.
A holistic understanding and recognition of the multiple determinants of health is a feature of what model of health?
The primary healthcare model.
Which model of health emphasises the importance of the physical and social determinants of health?
The environmental model of health
True or false: Equity in health care and community participation and control over health care services are part of the Primary health care model?
True
True or false: A focus on the individual’s medical problems and not the broader contextual issues that provide both incentives and barriers to the health of individuals and communities is a feature of the Environmental model of health?
False. In the environmental model, focus is not on the individual’s medical problems but on the broader contextual issues that provide both incentives and barriers to the health of individuals and communities.
A focus on health promotion and disease prevention, accessible, affordable, and acceptable technology and health services based on research methods represents which model of health?
The primary health care model
How does Primary health care view health?
As positive wellbeing
In the primary health care approach, who has control over health?
Communities and individuals
What is the major focus of the primary health care approach?
Health through equity and community empowerment
Who provides healthcare under the primary health care approach?
A multidisciplinary team
What is the primary health care approach’s strategy for health?
Multi-sectorial collaboration
What is the Primary care or selective biomedical model view of health?
Absence of disease
Who has control over health in the Primary care or selective biomedical model?
Medical practitioners
What is the major focus of the Primary care or selective biomedical model?
Disease eradication through medical interventions
Who provides health care under the Primary care or selective biomedical model?
Doctors
What is the Primary care or selective biomedical model strategy for health?
Medical interventions
What is the family of international classifications (FIC)
A common language and framework related to health and health management
It can compare health information internationally and nationally and comparisons within and between populations
What is the ICD-10
International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems
It is a standard diagnostic classification for epidemiological and health management purposes
Diseases are classified by system/organ OR cause
What is the ICF?
International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
It is the international standard for measuring health and disability and provides common language and framework
What is the ICHI?
International Classification of Health Interventions
What is the purpose of the FIC reference classifications?
Provides a common tool for reporting and analysing the distribution and evolution of health interventions for statistical purposes.
What is the purpose of the ICD10?
- Provides common language
- Storage and retrieval of information for clinical and epidemiological purposes
- Define diseases, study disease patterns, manage health care, monitor outcomes, allocate resources
- Analysis of general health situation of groups
- Monitoring of incidence and prevalence of health problems in relation to other variables
- Classify health problems on health records
- Compilation of National mortality and morbidity statistics
How do the ICF and ICD10 compliment each other?
- The ICF classifies functioning and disability associated with health conditions and looks at environmental factors; while
- The ICD 10 looks more at classifying health conditions (disease, disorders, injuries etc. but does not have focus on functioning)
What is disability?
A complex phenomena - an interaction between features of the person and features of their context.
What are body functions?
Physiological functions (circulation, respiration, motor, sensory, auditory) and psychological functions (attention, memory, perception, emotion).
Circulation would be classified in the ICF as a?
Body function
Memory would be classified in the ICF under?
Body function
What are body structures?
organs, limbs and components
Heart disease would be classified in the ICF as?
Body functions and structures
Anxiety would be classified in the ICF as?
Body functions and structures
Paralysis would be classified in the ICF as?
Body functions and structures
What is Activity in relation to the ICF?
The execution of a task or action, eg. grasping, walking, dressing, learning, speaking
What are activity limitations?
Difficulties in executing activities eg. unable to grasp, unable to walk.
Walking would be classified in the ICF as?
Activity
Being unable to grasp would be classified in the ICF as?
Activity
Learning under the ICF is classified as?
Activity
What is participation in the ICF?
Involvement in life situations, eg participating in work, recreation, community life, leisure, social roles, education.
What is a participation restriction in the ICF?
Problems in involvement in life situations, eg. unable to work, unable to live independently.
Work would be classified in the ICF as?
Participation
Education would be classified under the ICF as?
Participation
If a patient is unable to access the community, this would be classified in the ICF as?
Participation
What are environmental factors in the ICF?
Elements of the physical, social and attitudinal
environment in which people live and conduct their
lives
Attitudes would be classified in the ICF as?
Environment
Services are classified in the ICF as?
Environment
The home of the patient is classified in the ICF as?
Environment
True or false: The environment can both facilitate and be a barrier to individual function.
True
True or false: Environment concerns only the individual factors of the person using the ICF?
False, it includes individual and societal factors
What are personal factors in the ICF?
The background of individual’s life, not part of health
condition.
Gender would be classified in the ICF as?
Personal
Lifestyle would be classified in the ICF as?
Personal
Education level would be classified in the ICF as?
Personal
True or false: Personal factors only facilitates individual function?
False, it is both facilitating and a barrier to individual function
What is Aetiology?
The study of a cause of disease
What looks at the factors involved in the development of disease, the susceptibility of the person, the nature of the disease agent and how the person is invaded?
Aetiology
What is Pathology?
The study of the characteristics, causes and effects of disease as observed in the structure and function of the body
Testing is an example of?
Pathology
What is pathophysiology?
The study of the disturbance of normal mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions, either caused by a disease, or resulting from a disease or abnormal syndrome or condition
What does objective mean?
Measurable, quantifiable and observable data collected
What does subjective mean?
The patient’s perception of their experience
What are signs?
An objective evidence of disease especially as observed and interpreted by the physician
What are symptoms?
Subjective evidence of disease or physical disturbance observed by the patient
Is high blood pressure a sign or symptom?
Sign
Is a skin rash a sign or symptom?
Sign
Is high blood sugar a sign or symptom?
Sign
Is lower back pain a sign or symptom?
Symptom
Is fatigue a sign or symptom?
Symptom
Is a headache a sign or symptom?
Symptom
Is difficulty swallowing a sign or symptom?
Symptom
What is medical management?
The system of care and treatment of a disease
What is prognosis?
The prospect of survival and recovery from a disease as anticipated from the usual course of that disease
