Week 3 - Motor Neurone Disease Flashcards
What are the 4 types of MND?
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Progressive bulbar palsy (PBP)
Progressive muscular atrophy (PMA)
Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS)
What is MND?
A progressive neurodegenerative disease that can affect the upper and lower motor neurones
What is the most common form on MND?
ALS
What motor neurones does ALS involve?
Upper and lower
What is not usually affected in MND?
Nerves affecting sight, bowel & bladder control and sexual fuction
True or false, MND affects more males than females?
True, 60% male, 40% female
What is the cause of MND?
90-95% of cases are sporadic (no apparent cause)
5-10% familial MND
What may be considered risk factors of MND?
May be related to environmental factors and genetic susceptibility, but no significant risk factors have been identified.
How is MND diagnosed?
By ruling out other conditions, EMG, MRI and MCS
What are early symptoms of MND?
Weakness or muscle wastage Difficulty swallowing Slurred speech Muscle twitching Cramps Emotional instability, depression Fatigue Pain
True or false, MND has a large variation of symptoms, rate and pattern of progression and survival rate?
True
What are longer term symptoms of MND?
Generalised paralysis Progressive muscle weakness loss of speech difficulty swallowing joint pain and stiffness muscle spasms, cramps and twitching respiratory problems Loss of independence Sleep disturbance Psychological
What percentage of MND cases have cognitive and behavioural changes?
20%
What is the average life expectancy of MND after diagnosis?
3-5 years
True or false: 40% of MND patients have frontal dysfunction severe enough to reach criteria for frontotemporal dementia.
True
