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Human Conditions I OTD7160 > Week 8 Terms: UE Orthopedics > Flashcards

Week 8 Terms: UE Orthopedics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two goals of fracture treatment?

A
  1. Achieve a precise and effective stabilization
  2. Optimal Recovery and return to function
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2
Q

What is part of fracture treatment?
A. Mobilization
B. Rest
C. Both

A

B. Rest
Immobilization for long periods after stabilization.

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3
Q

True/False
You should mobilize the injured structures as quickly as is compatible with healing.

A

True

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4
Q

Closed Fractures

A

Non-Displaced and Stable
may be managed by protection alone
Non displaced but Unstable
requires positioning and immobilization by external fixation
e.g., sling, cast, fracture brace

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5
Q

Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF)

A

Open Fractures
Unstable AND Displaced
Cannot be manually reduced
Surgically Stabilized (Pin, Screw, Rod or Plate)

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6
Q

Estimated Fracuture Healing Timeline:
Uncomplicated Upper Extremity

A

Callus formation 2 to 3 weeks
Union 4 to 6 weeks
Consolidation 5 to 8 weeks

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7
Q

Estimated Fracuture Healing Timeline:
Uncomplicated Lower Extremity

A

Callus formation 2 to 3 weeks
Union 8 to 12 weeks
Consolidation 12 to 16 weeks

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8
Q

Phases of Fracture Healing

A

Inflammation
Reparative
Remodeling

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9
Q

Estimated Fracture Healing Timeline:
What does timing, amount, and type of therapy depend on?

A

Location and Type of Fracture
Method of Reduction
Age of Patient

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10
Q

What are some types of shoulder fractures?

A

Clavicle Fracture
Scapula Fracture
Proximal Humerus Fracture

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11
Q

What are some types of elbow fractures?

A

Olecranon Fracture
Radial Head Fracture
Distal Humerus Fracture

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12
Q

What are the joints of the shoulder?

A

Glenohumeral (GH)
Acromioclavicular (AC)
Sternoclavicular (SC)
Scapulothoracic (ST; articulation more than a joint)

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13
Q

What fracture is the most challenging to rehabilitate?
A. Elbow
B. Knee
C. Shoulder
D. Both A and C

A

C. Shoulder
A shoulder fracture is the most challenging to rehabilitate.

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14
Q

What are the therapy goals for a shoulder fracture?

A

Relieve Pain
Allow callus formation and approximation of bony fragments
Restore movement and muscle strength
Return to maximal functioning

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15
Q

How does PROM differ from Passive Stretching?

A

PROM finding the PROM of a joint
Passive Stretching you are passively stretching out the muscle

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16
Q

What are the types of elbow fractures?

A

Olecranon Fracture (Fx)
Radial Head Fx
Distal Humerus Fx

17
Q

A wrist fracture makes up approx. what percentage of all broken bones?
A. 0-15%
B. 15-25%
C. 25-50%
D. 50-85%

A

C. 25-50%

18
Q

What are the distal radius fractures called?

A

Colle’s Fracture
Smith’s Fracture
Barton’s Fracture

19
Q

What are common shoulder pathologies?

A

Scapular Instability
Subluxation
Impingement
Rotator Cuff Tear
Adhesive Capsulitis
Arthritis
Shoulder Replacement

20
Q

Winged scapula and scapular instability leads to?

A

Scapular Instability

*Winged Scapula
serratus anterior weakness
generalized weakness

Scapular instability
leads to shoulder instability
decreases arm function*

21
Q

Scapulohumeral rhythm helps to…
A. Prevent Impingement
B. Maintain muscles’ optimal length-tension relationship
C. facilitate fluid movement anf for full overhead ROM
D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

22
Q

What is an example of subluxation in the shoulder?

A

Humerus comes out of the glenoid fossa

Results in instability, weakness or trauma

23
Q

Shoulder Impingement

A

Reduction in sub-acromial space leading to compression of structures:
supraspinatus tendon
long-head of biceps
subacromial bursa
joint capsule

Can lead to a rotator cuff tear

24
Q

What are some causes of shoulder impingement?

A

Repetitive overhead use
Arthritis
Structural Abnormalitites
Calcification
Instability (weakness)

25
Q

Symptoms of Shoulder Impingement

A

Pain
Weakness
Loss of Active/Passive Motion

26
Q

What four muscles make up the rotator cuff?

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis

27
Q

The rotator cuff acts as a BLANK stabilizer of the glenohumeral joint.

A

The rotator cuff acts as a dynamic stabilizer of the glenohumeral joint.

28
Q

Causes of Rotator Cuff Tears

A

Impingement
Trauma
Degenerative Changes

Can be partial or full-thickness tears

29
Q

Symptoms of Rotator Cuff Tears

A

Loss of AROM
Weakness
Night Pain

30
Q

Pathology of Adhesive Capsulitis

A

Thickening of the joint capsule
Adhering to the humeral head

31
Q

Symptoms of Adhesive Capsulitis

A

Diffuse shoulder pain
Night Pain
Progressive multidirectional loss of A/PROM at shoulder

32
Q

Causes of Adhesive Capsulitis

A

Primary- Unknown
Secondary- Surgical Event
Immobilization

Typically in patients >40; more common in women

33
Q

Shoulder arthritis usually occurs in people over the age of…
A. 30
B. 40
C. 50
D. 60

A

C. 50

34
Q

Symptoms of Shoulder Arthritis

A

Pain during and after movement
Swelling
Bone Spurs

35
Q

What happens in a total shoulder replacement?

A

Humeral head is replaced
Glenoid is reshaped and resurfaced

Typically done for a fracture

36
Q

Post-Op Treatment for a Total Shoulder Replacement

A

Therapy to begin right away (Gentle ROM)
Sling all the time for approx. 6 weeks to protect soft tissue

Functional Expectation:
Full ROM
Good pain relief
Return to all daily activities

37
Q

What happens in a Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty?

A

The “ball” of the joint is placed on the socket side of glenoid
The “socket” of the joint is placed on the humerus

Typically performed when rotator cuff is deficient

38
Q

Post-Op Treatment for a Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

A

Similar to TSA
No therapy initially
Protocol for ROM may vary
Sling at all times for approx. 6 weeks

Functional Expectations:
Goal is pain relief and “functional ROM”

Human Conditions I OTD7160 (14 decks)

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