Week 6 Terms: Amputations, Muscular Dystrophies, and Drug Resistant Microorganisms

Question 1

Potential Negative Outcomes of Amputation
Sequelae

Answer 1

Other Joint Pains/Issues
Contractures
Heart Attack
DVT
Wound/Bone Infection
Pneumonia
Depression and Anxiety
PTSD
Phantom Limb Pain

Question 2

What is the Pre-Prosthetic Training Phase?

Answer 2

1. Evaluation
2. ADLs
3. Wound Care and Limb Shaping
4. Pain Management: Desensitization, Phantom Limb Pain/Sensation-Mirror Therapy
5. Maintain or Increase ROM and Strength: Increase Circulation, Promote Healing, Reduce Edema
6. Core Stabilization: Strengthening to promote postural control
7. Psychological Support: Grieving Process, Therapeutic Relationship

Question 3

Primary Goals of the
Pre-Prosthetic Training Phase

Answer 3

Primary Goals:
Wound Healing and Closure
Pain Management
Basic ADL Retraining
Functional Mobility
Client and Family Education

Question 4

Prognosis of Amputation

Answer 4

Varies by cause and other co-morbidities
Primary Goals:
* Maintain Limb Length
* Optimal Prosthetic Fit
* Wound Healing
* Patient Preference
* Rehabilitation Potential

Question 5

Infection

Answer 5

Occurs when a microbe or parasite is able to reproduce in or on the body’s tissues

Question 6

Causes of Amputation

Answer 6

LL Amputations; Complications of peripheral vascular disease (PVD); Trauma
UE Amputations; Trauma, Burns, Congenital Deformity

Question 7

At what age does muscular dystrophy present itself?

Answer 7

Various ages

affects different kinds of muscle groups

Question 8

Signs and Symptoms of Muscular Dystrophy (MD)

Answer 8

• Metabolic Defect; deficit of dystrophin-cell membrane protein
• Leads to degeneration & necrosis of cells
• Skeletal muscle fibers are replaced by fat & fibrous CT
• Muscle Function is eventually lost
• Cardiomyopathy is common
• Respiratory or cardiac failure can occur

CT= Connective Tissue

Question 9

Duchenne MD is first noticable at age(s)…
A. 10 -15
B. 8 - 9
C. 2 - 5
D. Adults

Answer 9

C. 2 - 5

Becker is less sever and begins later

Question 10

True/False
Facioscapulohumeral MD affects males and females equally.

Answer 10

True

Usually before age 20

Question 11

Muscular Dystrophy

Answer 11

Group of muscle diseases caused by genetic mutations

Question 12

Viruses

Answer 12

Intracellular parasite that requires a living host cell for replication

Question 13

Bacteria

Answer 13

Single cell organisms that do not require living tissue to survive

Question 14

Phantom Limb Pain

Answer 14

Pain perceived in the amputated limb
burning, stabbing, crushing, shooting pain
Management: Desensitization, Medication

Question 15

Nosocomial Infections

Answer 15

Infection acquired in the hospital because of:
* Many microbes present
* Patients with undiagnosed infectious disease
* Shared environment
* Treatment that may cause weakened immune system
* Many healthcare workers and fomites act as reservoirs

AKA Healthcare Associated Infections, HAIs
Fomites: objects or materials which are likely to carry infection, such as, clothes, utensils, and furniture

Question 16

Does Myotonic MD affect…
A. Men
B. Females
C. Both

Answer 16

Myotonic MD affects males and females equally.

Question 17

Signs Facioscapulohumeral (FSH) MD

Answer 17

First appears in face, shoulders, and upper arms
Rarely affects heart and lungs

Question 18

Antigens

Answer 18

Foreign substance (microbes) that stimulate the immune response

Question 19

What are the three most common types of muscular dystrophy (MD)?

Answer 19

Duchenne/Becker (DMB/BMD)
Myotonic (MD)
Facioscapulohumeral (FSHD)

Question 20

True/False
Duchenne & Becker MD primarily affect females (rare in males).

Answer 20

False
Duchenne & Becker MD primarily affect males (rare in females).

Question 21

When does weakness start in Duchenne & Becker MD?

Answer 21

Weakness starts in the upper legs and arms
Eventually, the heart, lungs, throat, stomach, intestines, and spine

Question 22

True/False
Muscular dystrophy gradually weakens the bones over time.

Answer 22

False
Muscular dystrophy gradually weakens the muscles over time.

Question 23

Signs and Symptoms of Myotonic MD

Answer 23

• Affects the face, neck, arms, hands, hips and lower legs
• Prolonged muscle contractions
• Cataracts
• Cardiac Conditions

Begins in adulthood

Question 24

Congenital Limb Abnormalites

Answer 24

Improper development in utero:
Complete or partial absence of the limb
Digits not separate
Duplicate Limb
Over or Under Growth
Constriction of limb (s) (Amniotic band syndrome)